Parvularcula mediterranea sp. nov., isolated from marine plastic debris from Zakynthos Island, Greece

Abstract

A Gram-negative, dark orange-pigmented, aerobic, non-spore-forming, coccoid-shaped bacterium designated as ZS-1/3T was isolated from a floating plastic litter (polypropylene straw) sample, collected from shallow seawater near the public beach of Laganas on Zakynthos island, Greece. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate is affiliated with the genus Parvularcula in the family Parvularculaceae . Its closest relatives are Parvularcula lutaonensis (98.09 %) and Parvularcula oceanus (95.89 %). The pH and temperature ranges for growth are pH 5–10 and 20–38 °C (optima, pH 7.0 and 28 °C). The predominant fatty acids are C18 : 1 ω7c (56.84 %), C16 : 0 (27.51 %), C18 : 0 (2.25 %) and C12 : 0 (1.42 %). The predominant respiratory quinone detected in strain ZS-1/3T is quinone-10 (Q10); the majority of detected polar lipids are glycolipid. The DNA G+C content is 62.5 mol%. Physiological and chemotaxonomic data further confirmed the distinctiveness of strain ZS-1/3T from other members of the genus Parvularcula . Thus, strain ZS-1/3T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus, for which the name Parvularcula mediterranea. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZS-1/3T (=NCAIM B 02654T=CCM 9032T).

Parvularcula maris sp. nov., an algicidal bacterium isolated from seawater

“…Major characteristics that distinguished strain BGMRC 0090 T from the closest recognized species Strains: 1, BGMRC 0090 T (this study); 2, Parvularcula lutaonensis CC-MMS-1 T (this study); 3, Parvularcula mediterranea ZS-1/3 T , data from Al-Omari et al[6]; 4, Parvularcula dongshanensis SH25 T , data from Yu et al[7]; 5, Parvularcula marina SM1705 T , data from Sun et al[5]; 6, Parvularcula bermudensis HTCC2503 T , data from Cho et al[3]. All strains were Gram-negative, positive for catalase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), a-chymotrypsin and β-galactosidase (PNPG), gelatin hydrolysis and utilization; but negative for oxidase, lipase (C14), lipase (C14), Nacetyl-β-glucosaminidase, α-fucosidase, indole production, acid production from glucose, arginine dihydrolase, and assimilation of l-arabinose, Nacetylglucosamine, capric acid, malic acid and phenylacetic acid.…”

“…The ANIb, ANIm, AAI and dDDH values between strain BGMRC 0090 T and five closely Parvularcula species were 67.5–73.0 %, 83.7–84.0 %, 55.5–69.2 % and 18.9–21.4 % (Table S2), respectively. The ANI, AAI and dDDH values were much lower than the threshold values of ANI (95~96 %), AAI (95.0~95.5 %) and DDH (70 %) to discriminate bacterial species [6]. In addition, the phylogenomic trees based on 87 housekeeping genes showed that strain BGMRC 0090 T formed an independent branch with P.…”

“…dongshanensis from soft coral [7]. Based on the descriptions of these species, members of the genus Parvularcula have been characterized as Gram-negative, rod-shaped or coccoid, motile with polar flagella, chemoheterotrophic and having summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1 ω 7 c / ω 6) as a main fatty acid [3–7].…”

“…marina from seawater [5], P. mediterranea from marine plastic debris [6], and P. dongshanensis from soft coral [7].…”

“…Currently, five species are described in the genus Parvularcula (https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/ parvularcula) which have validly published names, with Parvularcula bermudensis as the type species. All members of the genus Parvularcula have been isolated from marine environments such as P. bermudensis [3], P. lutaonensis [4] and P. marina from seawater [5], P. mediterranea from marine plastic debris [6], and P. dongshanensis from soft coral [7]. Based on the descriptions of these species, members of the genus Parvularcula have been characterized as Gram-negative, rod-shaped or coccoid, motile with polar flagella, chemoheterotrophic and having summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1 ω7c/ω6) as a main fatty acid [3][4][5][6][7].…”