he researches new methods for VLSI testing, synthesis for testability, neural network applications, and parallel processing. He joined AT&T in 1978 with a B.Sc. from Allahabad University, (continued on page 86) AT&T TECHNICALJOURNAL • JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1!!91We present three approaches to designing testable sequential machines. (Testability, inthe present context, refers to the ability to generate tests. Testable synthesis guarantees high fault coverage byusing anautomatic test generator.) Inthefirst approach, we develop a partial scan method inwhich scan flip-flops are selected to break up the cyclic structure ofthe sequential circuit. Inthe second approach, we present a novel state assignment method that results in reduced feedback or pipeline-like structure. The third approach, also applicable to finite state machines, embeds a suitably designed test machine in the given specification before synthesis.AT&T TECHNICALJOURNAL • JANUARY (FEBRUARY 1991 (b) bolically represented unassignedbit. Similarly, the code for S· can be writtenas O·b '2·b '3 ••. b'k The state S ,. J J J J • IJ Biographies (continued) Allahabad, India; a BE in telecommunication engineering from the University of Rootkee, Rootkee, India; an ME in electrical communication engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the