Passenger Car Series Application of a New Diesel Particulate Filter System Using a New Ceria-Based Fuel-Borne Catalyst: From the Engine Test Bench to European Vehicle Certification

Blanchard, G.; Colignon, C.; Griard, C.; Rigaudeau, C.; Salvat, O.; Seguelong, T.

doi:10.4271/2002-01-2781

Cited by 47 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The GV represents a mature DPF technology present on the market and fully Euro 4 compliant (Blanchard et al, 2002;Cauda et al, 2006;CRC Report, 2009;Giechaskiel et al, 2007;Quigley & Seguelong, 2002). The DPF system consists of an oxidation catalyst upstream of an uncoated silicon carbide wall-flow DPF and a cerium based fuel borne catalyst to reduce the temperature needed for DPF regeneration.…”

Section: The Golden Vehicle and The Testing Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions from a diesel car during regeneration of an active diesel particulate filter

Dwyer

Ayala

Zhang

et al. 2010

Journal of Aerosol Science

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Section: The Golden Vehicle and The Testing Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions from a diesel car during regeneration of an active diesel particulate filter

Dwyer

Ayala

Zhang

et al. 2010

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…The temperature of diesel exhaust gases does not always meet the required levels to efficiently oxidize the PM collected in the DPF. As a result, a variety of strategies were developed to help drive the regeneration process, and includes, but is not limited to, using catalyst technology to generate nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) from the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) to assist in the combustion of soot and using fuel-borne catalysts . During DPF regeneration the vehicle operates under different conditions from those during typical operation and exhaust temperatures can reach above 550 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Aerosol Hygroscopicity Change with Biodiesel, Renewable Diesel Fuels and Emission Control Technologies?

Short

Karavalakis

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The use of biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels in compression ignition engines and aftertreatment technologies may affect vehicle exhaust emissions. In this study two 2012 light-duty vehicles equipped with direct injection diesel engines, diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), diesel particulate filter (DPF), and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) were tested on a chassis dynamometer. One vehicle was tested over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) cycle on seven biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel blends. Both vehicles were exercised over double Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Highway fuel economy test (HWFET) cycles on ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) and a soy-based biodiesel blend to investigate the aerosol hygroscopicity during the regeneration of the DPF. Overall, the apparent hygroscopicity of emissions during nonregeneration events is consistently low (κ < 0.1) for all fuels over the FTP cycle. Aerosol emitted during filter regeneration is significantly more CCN active and hygroscopic; average κ values range from 0.242 to 0.439 and are as high as 0.843. Regardless of fuel, the current classification of "fresh" tailpipe emissions as nonhygroscopic remains true during nonregeneration operation. However, aftertreatment technologies such as DPF, will produce significantly more hygroscopic particles during regeneration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show a significant enhancement of hygroscopic materials emitted during DPF regeneration of on-road diesel vehicles. As such, the contribution of regeneration emissions from a growing fleet of diesel vehicles will be important.

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“…This observation is in accordance with the concluding remarks of Chen et al [156]. X-ray analysis has been applied by Blanchard et al [157] in order to depict the ash loading field. The results indicated that the greater amount of ash is collected downstream of the middle of the filter enhancing, with this way, the generation of the upstream propagated wave front.…”

Section: Transient Regeneration Experimentssupporting

confidence: 86%

Experimental investigation of the steady state and transient operation of diesel engines fuelled by high percentage biodiesel blends

Tziourtzioumis¹,

Τζιουρτζιούμης²

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In Greece, biodiesel, in the form of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), is produced since 2005 andcurrently mixed in the Diesel fuel at about 5.5% vol., this percentage being slowly but steadily increasing.The production capacity of existing biodiesel factories in Greece can supply the required quantities toincrease the biodiesel blending percentage up to 15%, provided that the necessary vegetable oil andrecycled oil quantities should become available and prices be favorable. According to Greek legislation, atleast 30% of the raw material must be domestically produced. This need is covered mainly by recycledcooking oils and only secondarily by energy crops in Northern Greece. The production of biodiesel fromlocal factories in Greece was regulated by means of distributing an annual quantity of biodiesel among thefactories, based on an algorithm that is modified every year. Automotive manufacturers allow running ofmodern diesel powered passenger cars on blends of biodiesel up to B20‐B30, provided that certainadditional maintenance measures are taken, including more frequent fuel and oil filter changes, along withinspection of engine oil level and the fuel lines and injection system components for possible leaks. In orderto ensure customer’s acceptance, standardization and quality assurance are key factors for the marketintroduction of biodiesel as transport fuel. This PhD thesis examines the effect of biodiesel fuel onperformance, efficiency, emissions and injection system durability of conventional and modern Dieselengines under steady state and transient operating conditions.These include a better understanding of the engine ECU operation with a high biodiesel (FAME) blend inmodern common‐rail injection Diesel engine, the study of the biodiesel combustion analyzing the capturedindicator graphs, the investigation of the filter regeneration behavior by means of the infraredthermography on a small filter module and in‐house computational tool and the study of biodieselatomization and injection characteristics by means of the Laser Doppler Velocimetry technique.In the first part of the Thesis, a better understanding of the engine ECU operation with a high biodiesel(FAME) blend in modern common‐rail injection Diesel engines is attempted. This understanding is appliedto the explanation of the observed effects on the engine performance and emissions characteristics withthis engine category. The results are compared to the relatively scarce works reported in the specializedliterature for the specific engine category and high blending ratios. Also, the effect of biodiesel blends inthe transient fuel system and engine operation is examined. Furthermore, the effect of prolonged engineoperation at a high biodiesel blend on the fuel system and the engine components is investigated.In the second part of the Thesis, the effect of low percentage biodiesel blends on the diesel filter loadingand regeneration behavior of a conventional, single cylinder Diesel engine with low pressure injectionsystem is presented. A fuel additive is employed in order to perform filter regeneration at relatively lowexhaust temperatures. The effect of the biodiesel on the filter regeneration is further investigated bymeans of infrared thermography on a small filter module and in‐house computational tool. In addition, theeffect of biodiesel on injection characteristics is investigated by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetrytechnique.Τhe results enhance our understanding of the engine ECU behavior with the high percentage biodieselblends. Certain modifications to engine ECU maps and control parameters are proposed and discussed,aimed at improvement of transient performance of modern engines run on high percentage biodieselblends. However, a high pressure pump failure that was observed after prolonged engine operation withthe B70 blend, hints to the use of more conservative biodiesel blending in fuel that should not exceed 30%for common rail engines.The observed benefits as regards the DPF extend also to the faster evolution of regeneration and thelower overall filter wall temperatures with favorable effects on the filter durability.

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Passenger Car Series Application of a New Diesel Particulate Filter System Using a New Ceria-Based Fuel-Borne Catalyst: From the Engine Test Bench to European Vehicle Certification

Cited by 47 publications

References 5 publications

Emissions from a diesel car during regeneration of an active diesel particulate filter

Emissions from a diesel car during regeneration of an active diesel particulate filter

Will Aerosol Hygroscopicity Change with Biodiesel, Renewable Diesel Fuels and Emission Control Technologies?

Experimental investigation of the steady state and transient operation of diesel engines fuelled by high percentage biodiesel blends

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