Passing the torch to a new generation: Educational support types and the second generation in the Netherlands

Self Cite

103

We introduce what we have coined the multiplier effect. We explain the steep upward mobility of children of low-educated immigrants by studying how they overcome obstacles on their regular pathway, via alternative routes or through loopholes in the education and labour market system. The idea of the multiplier effect is that they virtually propel themselves forward in their careers. Essential is that each successful step forward offers new possibilities on which they build, thereby accumulating cultural and social capital and multiplying their chances of success. Initial small differences with their less successful co-ethnic peers generate an increasingly wider gap over time. Cultural and social capital theories primarily explain the reproduction of inequalities in society. The multiplier effect explains the breaking of the perpetual cycle of this reproduction, enabling steep upward mobility even when this group does not initially possess the right cultural and social capital to be successful.

Section: New Theoretical Insightssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Common Mechanisms Across Countries and Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The multiplier effect: how the accumulation of cultural and social capital explains steep upward social mobility of children of low-educated immigrants

Crul

Schneider

Keskiner

et al. 2016

Self Cite

103

“…This finding also underlines how reliance on bonding capital or social networks with co-ethnics is different for second-generation groups (Agius Vallejo 2012). Born and raised in France, our respondents were equipped with resources that enabled them to rely on strong emotional support from their families (Rezai et al 2015), bridging networks with people of native descent to give them access to professional opportunities, and knowledge and connections with co-ethnics to build clientele, all at the same time. Being highly educated professionals, they were able to tap into all of these resources to their advantage (see Vermeulen and Keskiner forthcoming).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to reach the top? Fields, forms of capital, and strategies in accessing leadership positions in France among descendants of migrants from Turkey

Keskiner

Crul

2016

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This article explores the experiences of highly educated descendants of migrants from Turkey when achieving leading positions in the corporate business, education, and law sectors in France. It illustrates the forms of capital and strategies that are considered significant for accessing leadership positions in these sectors, and how experiences vary across different fields. Our research illuminates the various strategies pursued by descendants of migrants from Turkey in their pathways to attaining leadership positions, and suggests how similar forms of capital work in distinct ways across different sectors.

“…As a consequence of these societal developments, social scientists are increasingly focusing on the upward social mobility of descendants of migrants (e.g. Crul, Schneider, and Lelie 2012;Keskiner 2016;Konyali 2014;Rezai et al 2015;Santelli 2013;Schnell, Keskiner, and Crul 2013;Waldring, Crul, and Ghorashi 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-made lawyers? Pathways of socially mobile descendants of migrants from Turkey in Europe

Rezai

2016

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This study is based on narratives of successful lawyers in Europe who are descendants of migrants from Turkey. I will discuss the main mechanisms whereby social actors have a significant impact on the professional pathways of these upwardly mobile professionals. The findings provide two insights. The relevance of significant others found in literature on educational mobility of descendants of migrants can be extended to professional pathways. Some respondents became acquainted with the middle-class culture of the majority group through peers and school during their youth. This was instrumental in adjusting to the specific white-collar professional environments of corporate law firms. Others who grew up and attended schools in disadvantaged neighbourhoods had more difficulties adjusting. However, they became accustomed to middle-and upper-class norms and behaviour at university or on the job by observing and learning along the way.