Passivation in perovskite solar cells: A review

Zhao, Pengjun; Kim, Byeong Jo; Jung, Hyun Suk

doi:10.1016/j.mtener.2018.01.004

Cited by 194 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…As summarized in Table S2, several small‐molecules have been demonstrated to passivate effectively defects present at the grain boundaries and on the surface of perovskite films. Two approaches of post‐passivation treatment and additives added in the perovskite precursor solution were proposed as defect engineering approaches . On the basis of Table S2 and Figure b, a central discussion of the types of defects and their passivation strategies are focused on the 1) halide vacancies (e.g., Cl − , Br − , I − ) leading to exposure of under‐coordinated positively charged Pb 2+ atoms, 2) negatively charged Pb‐I anti‐sites (PbI 3 − ) or halide‐excess, 3) cation vacancies (e.g., Cs + , MA + ), 4) metallic lead (Pb 0 ) surface terminated, 5) mobile or volatile I − anion and MA + cations, and 6) I 0 (I 2 ) defects …”

Section: Defect Passivation In Metal Halide Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Detrimental Defects for High‐Performance Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

2020

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In several photovoltaic (PV) technologies, the presence of electronic defects within the semiconductor band gap limit the efficiency, reproducibility, as well as lifetime. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have drawn great attention because of their excellent photovoltaic properties that can be achieved even without a very strict film‐growth control processing. Much has been done theoretically in describing the different point defects in MHPs. Herein, we discuss the experimental challenges in thoroughly characterizing the defects in MHPs such as, experimental assignment of the type of defects, defects densities, and the energy positions within the band gap induced by these defects. The second topic of this Review is passivation strategies. Based on a literature survey, the different types of defects that are important to consider and need to be minimized are examined. A complete fundamental understanding of defect nature in MHPs is needed to further improve their optoelectronic functionalities.

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Section: Defect Passivation In Metal Halide Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Detrimental Defects for High‐Performance Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

2020

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“…The performance of hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rapidly grew in the past decade from 3.8% to 25.2%. [ 1,2 ] To boost the performance of PSCs, various techniques such as solvent [ 3–7 ] and composition engineering technologies, [ 8–14 ] passivation strategies [ 15,16 ] as well as carrier transporting materials selection [ 17–22 ] have been intensely investigated to improve the absorption coefficient, crystallinity, morphologies, and eliminating defects, etc of the absorber. Among these methods, one of the most important strategies is to promote charge transport and reduce energy losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Reinforcement of Built‐In Electric Fields for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics

Wang

Chen

Chiang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received great attention due to their outstanding performance and their low processing costs. To boost their performance, one approach is to reinforce the built-in electric field (BEF) to promote oriented carrier transport. The BEF is maximized by reinforcing the work function difference between cathode and anode (Δμ 1 ) and increasing the work function difference between lower and upper surfaces of perovskite film (Δμ 2 ) via introduction of electric dipole molecules, denoted as PTFCN and CF3BACl. The synergistic reinforcement of BEF improves charge transport and collection, and realizes markedly high photovoltaic performances with the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 21.5%, a growth of 15.6% as compared to the control device, which is higher than the superposition of improvements achieved by either raising Δμ 1 or Δμ 2 . Importantly, dual-functional CF3BACl not only supplies dipole effect for tuning the surface potential of perovskite but offers hydrophobic trifluoride group toward the long-term stable unencapsulated PSCs retaining more than 95% PCE after storing 2000 h under ambient conditions. This work demonstrates the synergistic effect of Δμ 1 and Δμ 2 , providing an effective strategy for the further development of PSC in terms of photovoltaic conversion and stability.

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“…Defects in semiconductor materials applied in PSCs can behave as traps for charge carriers, reducing the performance of solar cells . Traps can be found both within the bulk of the material and at interfaces where most of the photovoltaic losses are found in a complete solar cell device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a PSC, interfaces can limit solar cell performance and traps can be find at the interface between the transport layers (hole transport layer, HTL or electron transport layer, ETL) and halide perovskite, the interface between electrodes (back metal electrodes or the fluorine doped tin oxide, FTO, electrode) and transport layers, or the interface between grains of the halide perovskite semiconductor itself. Some literature reviews have focused on traps found in different materials and interfaces, most of them center their attention on the effect on device performance (efficiency, hysteresis). Documents analyzing the effect of traps on the long‐term stability of PSCs are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Engineering of Metal Oxides for Highly Stable Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Mingorance

Xie

Kim

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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Oxides employed in halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have already demonstrated to deliver enhanced stability, low cost, and the ease of fabrication required for the commercialization of the technology. The most stable PSCs configuration, the carbon‐based hole transport layer‐free PSC (HTL‐free PSC), has demonstrated a stability of more than one year of continuous operation partially due to the dual presence of insulating oxide scaffolds and conductive oxides. Despite these advances, the stability of PSCs is still a concern and a strong limiting factor for their industrial implementation. The engineering of oxide interfaces functionalized with molecules (like self‐assembly monolayers) or polymers results in the passivation of defects (traps), providing numerous advantages such as the elimination of hysteresis and the enhancement of solar cell efficiency. But most important is the beneficial effect of interfacial engineering on the lifetime and stability of PSCs. In this work, the authors provide a brief insight into the recent developments reported on the surface functionalization of oxide interfaces in PSCs with emphasis on the effect of device stability. This paper also discusses the different binding modes, their effect on defect passivation, band alignment or dipole formation, and how these parameters influence device lifetime.

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Passivation in perovskite solar cells: A review

Cited by 194 publications

References 151 publications

Reducing Detrimental Defects for High‐Performance Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Reducing Detrimental Defects for High‐Performance Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Synergistic Reinforcement of Built‐In Electric Fields for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics

Interfacial Engineering of Metal Oxides for Highly Stable Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

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