Passive frequency and intensity stabilization of extended-cavity diode lasers

Talvitie, H.; Pietiläinen, A.; Ludvigsen, Hanne; Ikonen, Erkki

doi:10.1063/1.1147810

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…21,22 In the work presented here, the main challenge thus lies in the realization of a combined ECDL laser and atomic spectrometer within a compact instrument ͑physics package volume Ͻ0.25 l͒ that maintains the advantageous low volume of Rb clocks, but still offers the required state-of-the art laser frequency stability, low noise levels, and high reliability. Figure 1 shows a design view of the laser head, consisting of a ECDL laser source ͑upper part in Fig.…”

Section: Design Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact laser head with high-frequency stability for Rb atomic clocks and optical instrumentation

Affolderbach

Mileti

2005

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We present a compact and frequency-stabilized laser head based on an extended-cavity diode laser. The laser head occupies a volume of 200 cm 3 and includes frequency stabilization to Doppler-free saturated absorption resonances on the hyperfine components of the 87 Rb D 2 lines at 780 nm, obtained from a simple and compact spectroscopic setup using a 2 cm 3 vapor cell. The measured frequency stability is ഛ2 ϫ 10 −12 over integration times from 1 s to 1 day and shows the potential to reach 2 ϫ 10 −13 over 10 2 −10 5 s. Compact laser sources with these performances are of great interest for applications in gas-cell atomic frequency standards, atomic magnetometers, interferometers and other instruments requiring stable and narrow-band optical sources.

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Section: Design Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact laser head with high-frequency stability for Rb atomic clocks and optical instrumentation

Affolderbach

Mileti

2005

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…6 [22]. It is composed of a GaAlAs diode laser as the active medium , a collimating lens with a numerical aperture of 0.5, and a focal length of 8 mm, a beam splitter, and a gold-plated holographic diffraction grating with 1800 lines/mm.…”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the linewidth of a grating-feedback GaAlAs laser

Genty¹,

Gröhn

Talvitie

et al. 2000

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-Effects of external optical feedback from a reflection grating on the linewidth of a GaAlAs semiconductor laser operating at 780 nm are investigated. Accurate linewidth measurements as a function of the laser frequency tuning have been performed by applying the self-homodyne technique with a short delay line. A realistic coupled-cavity model, which incorporates the frequency-dependent reflection from the grating, is used to explain the measured data. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was found to be good.Index Terms-External cavity laser, linewidth, self-homodyne method.

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“…A laser system with frequency instabilities can broaden the spectroscopic transition. Several techniques such as negative electronic feedback [3], selective optical feedback [4], or a hybrid combination of both electronic and optical feedback [5] are commonly followed to overcome the problem of laser-frequency instabilities. It is the user's choice to implement any of these three schemes, depending on the requirement of the experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the frequency fluctuations of a semiconductor diode laser

Ray¹

2008

Can. J. Phys.

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Frequency fluctuations of an inexpensive single-mode semiconductor diode laser, which operates in the 822 nm region, are investigated by direct measurement of the error signal. The linear slope of first derivative signal of a transition in the (2,1,1) vibration-rotation band of water vapour is used as a frequency discriminator. A balanced photodetector is used to reduce the intensity noise and to improve the S/N ratio. Frequency stability of the diode laser is investigated when the laser is under a free-running condition and is locked to the line center of the reference transition. An integrator is used to provide feedback voltage to the laser current driver. After frequency stabilization, a more than 60-fold improvement in long-term laser-frequency stability is attained over the performance provided by the free-running semiconductor diode laser. The frequency-noise power spectrum of the diode laser is extracted from the error signal for the Fourier-frequency range ∼100 Hz. The Allan variance curve for the laser system is obtained from the frequency-noise power spectrum of the error signal by using a suitable mathematical relation under certain approximations. The extracted values of the Allan variance are compared with the theoretical τ −1 model. The experimental setup is easy to implement in graduate laboratory classes.PACS Nos.: 42.55.Px, 42.62.Fi, 33.70.Jg Résumé : Nous étudions, en mesurant directement le signal d'erreur, les fluctuations en fréquence d'une diode laser à semiconducteur à mode unique de coût modique. La pente linéaire du premier signal dérivé d'une transition dans la bande vibration-rotation (2, 1, 1) de la vapeur d'eau est utilisée comme discrimateur de fréquence. Un photodétecteur balancé sert pour réduire l'intensité du bruit et améliorer le rapport (S/N). La stabilité en fréquence est analysée avec le laser opérant en condition libre et verrouillé sur le centre de la ligne de la transition de référence. Un intégrateur fournit le voltage de contre-réaction à l'alimentation du laser. Après stabilisation en fréquence, une amélioration par un facteur 60 est observée dans la stabilité à long terme du laser, comparé à son fonctionnement en mode libre. Le spectre de puissance de bruit en fréquence de la diode laser est extrait du signal d'erreur pour un domaine de fréquence de Fourier de ∼100 Hz. La courbe de variance d'Allan du laser est extraite du spectre de puissance de bruit en fréquence du signal d'erreur à l'aide d'une relation mathématique adaptée sous certaines approximations. Nous comparons les valeurs extraites de variance d'Allan avec les valeurs théoriques du modèle τ −1 . Le montage expérimental est facile à construire dans un cours de laboratoire pour étudiants de cycle supérieur.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Passive frequency and intensity stabilization of extended-cavity diode lasers

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

A compact laser head with high-frequency stability for Rb atomic clocks and optical instrumentation

A compact laser head with high-frequency stability for Rb atomic clocks and optical instrumentation

Analysis of the linewidth of a grating-feedback GaAlAs laser

Study of the frequency fluctuations of a semiconductor diode laser

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