Passive Heat Maintenance After an Initial Warm-up Improves High-Intensity Activity During an Interchange Rugby League Movement Simulation Protocol

Fairbank, Matthew; Highton, Jamie; Twist, Craig

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003061

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…A warm-up represents a stage of prior physiological or biomechanical activation to enhance athletic performance [18][19][20]. Engaging in a warm-up may improve performance by increasing intramuscular temperature, enhancing ATP resynthesis capacity, improving oxygen (O 2 ) kinetics, increasing blood and O 2 delivery to the muscles, and increasing nerve conduction velocity [13,[18][19][20][21]. Consequently, a warm-up can induce a wide range of performance-related enhancements [14,15,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Selected Versus Standardised Warm-Ups; Physiological Response on 500 m Sprint Kayak Performance

Dingley

Willmott

Fernandes

2020

Sports

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This study investigated the effectiveness of a self-selected (SS) warm-up on 500 m sprint kayak performance (K500) compared to continuous (CON) and intermittent high intensity (INT)-type warm-ups. Twelve nationally ranked sprint kayakers (age 17.7 ± 2.3 years, mass 69.2 ± 10.8 kg) performed CON (15 min at the power at 2 m·mol−1), INT (10 min at 2 m·mol−1, followed by 5 × 10 s sprints at 200% power at VO2max with 50 s recovery at 55% power at VO2max), and SS (athlete’s normal competition warm-up) warm-ups in a randomised order. After a five-minute passive recovery, K500 performance was determined on a kayak ergometer. Heart rate and blood lactate (BLa) were recorded before and immediately after each warm-up and K500 performance. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded at the end of the warm-up and K500. BLa, heart rate, and RPE were generally higher after the INT than CON and SS warm-ups (p < 0.05). No differences in these parameters were found between the conditions for the time trial (p > 0.05). RPE and changes in BLa and heart rate after the K500 were comparable. There were no differences in K500 performance after the CON, SS, or INT warm-ups. Applied practitioners can, therefore, attain similar performance independent of warm-up type.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Selected Versus Standardised Warm-Ups; Physiological Response on 500 m Sprint Kayak Performance

Dingley

Willmott

Fernandes

2020

Sports

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“…Some previous studies showed that an increased Tm improves exercise performance such as. cycling, sprint, or vertical jump [8,12,17,18]. While an increased Tm is known to increase muscle contraction speed and rate of force development [15,24,25], changes in muscular force during contraction following elevated Tm remained unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, passive warming has shown inconsistent results in terms of measured exercise performance. Passive warming used during the transition phase has been shown to improve exercise performance of swimming [4], cycling [8,12], sprinting [17], and vertical jumping [18], but have no beneficial effects on repeated sprints [19] or recovery after resistance training [20]. Furthermore, it has even been shown to have a negative effect on the performance of repetitive knee extensor exercises (time to exhaustion) [21] and muscular endurance during isometric knee extension [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that an increased Tm leads to elevated muscle contraction speed and rate of force development [15,24,25], which could result in improvement in explosive exercise performance [8,12,17,18] that is dominantly influenced by contraction speed. However, it remains unanswered whether muscle strength (i.e., peak and average torque) is affected by increased Tm during muscular contraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local Passive Warming Administered During the Transition Phase Impairs Subsequent Isokinetic Exercise Performance

Liu¹,

Chang²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Exerc Sci

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PURPOSE: Performing a warm-up prior to a sports competition is essential for preventing injuries and maximizing subsequent performance. Passive warming has therefore received attention because it can effectively maintain an elevated muscle temperature (Tm) after a warm-up. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of local passive warming (LPW) administered during the transition phase between active warm-up and isokinetic exercises.METHODS: Eleven healthy men participated in this randomized crossover study. During the 30-minute transition period, a customized water-perfused warming pad was placed on the anterior thighs of the dominant legs (+3°C or +6°C based on the baseline skin temperature) or no intervention for the control group (CON). Subsequently, the total work, peak torque, and average power during isokinetic knee extensions (10 repetitions at a speed of 60°/sce) were measured. Using surface electromyography (EMG), the root mean square and mean frequency from the rectus femoris during knee extension were measured to assess neuromuscular activity.RESULTS: Total work (+6°C 1,289.8±389.3 vs. CON 1,437.3±408.2 Nm, p=.042), peak torque (+6°C 146.0±33.3 vs. CON 162.9±37.9 Nm, p=.022), and average power (+6°C 77.7±19.8 vs. CON 90.2±25.3 W, p=.012) were lower in the LPW +6°C group than in the CON group. EMG RMS was lower in the LPW +6°C group than in the CON group (+6°C 58.4±22.3 vs. CON 78.6±33.0 % MVC, p=.005). MF was higher in the LPW +6°C group than in the CON group (+6°C 87.5±12.4 vs. CON 81.4±11.0 Hz, p=.016).CONCLUSIONS: Local passive warming administered during the transition phase was not an appropriate strategy for boosting the performance of subsequent isokinetic exercises. Accordingly, the application of passive warming should be carefully chosen before exercise commences.

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“…Although core temperature only increased by 0.8% when participants wore an additional quilted jacket during the 15 min transition period, peak speed was likely higher during the first (effect size = 0.46 ± 0.57), third (0.47 ± 0.32) and fourth (0.56 ± 0.47) quarters when the quilted jacket was used, and time at high metabolic power was also likely longer during the first quarter (ES = 0.50 ± 0.55). As outlined previously, Sargeant (1987) demonstrated how small temperature changes can influence performance; therefore, although Fairbank et al (2019) only found marginal differences in core temperature, the impact on power output and speed were beneficial.…”

Section: Heat Maintenance Garmentsmentioning

confidence: 56%

The Swimming Start: Measurement, Importance and Enhancement through Pre-Race Interventions

Parrott

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The swimming start is underpinned by horizontal velocity, which is determined by power output on the block and can be enhanced through pre-race interventions. This thesis aimed to determine the accuracy of start times measured using a single panning camera analysis system, to quantify start times to total race time and investigate prerace interventions to enhance start and countermovement jump performance. Study one determined the accuracy and reliability of a single panning camera analysis system to measure start time and within the context of a predetermined smallest worthwhile change (≥ 0.187 s). Systematic error and 95% limits of agreement were lower than the smallest worthwhile change for all start times. Study two quantified start time as a percentage of total race time. Start time was found to contribute up to 26.07% of total race time, with males having a lower start contribution than females, and differences between nationalities also identified. Study three assessed how isometric and ballistic postactivation potentiation conditioning activities impact start and countermovement jump performance. Ballistic postactivation potentiation elicited significantly higher countermovement jump height (p = 0.045) and peak power output (p = 0.004) values compared to the control. No significant differences were found for isometric postactivation potentiation compared to the control. Study four investigated the differences between an insulated, foil lined heat garment and trousers with heat elements across the thighs and calves. No significant changes in performance were found (p > 0.050) despite significantly higher muscle temperatures following active heat maintenance. Peak power output was significantly different following passive heat maintenance compared to the control (p = 0.047). This thesis suggests that coaches with sprint athletes should seek opportunities to enhance start performance, which can contribute a large proportion of total race time. Ballistic postactivation potentiation and passive heat maintenance can significantly increase peak power output and potentially start time, although this is on an individual basis. Pre-race interventions should be trialled within training and can be accurately monitored using a single panning camera analysis system to identify significant changes.

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Passive Heat Maintenance After an Initial Warm-up Improves High-Intensity Activity During an Interchange Rugby League Movement Simulation Protocol

Abstract: Passive heat maintenance after an initial warm-up improves high intensity activity during an interchange rugby league match simulation protocol. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Self-Selected Versus Standardised Warm-Ups; Physiological Response on 500 m Sprint Kayak Performance

Self-Selected Versus Standardised Warm-Ups; Physiological Response on 500 m Sprint Kayak Performance

Local Passive Warming Administered During the Transition Phase Impairs Subsequent Isokinetic Exercise Performance

The Swimming Start: Measurement, Importance and Enhancement through Pre-Race Interventions

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