Passive Hemagglutinating Antibodies in Cerebrospinal Fluids in Herpesvirus Hominis Encephalitis

Am, Lerner; Cb, Lauter; Dc, Nolan; Mj, Shippey

doi:10.3181/00379727-140-36696

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In this respect herpes-simplex encephalitis in adults differs also from neonatal encephalitis due to HSV in which CSF IgM antibody has been found (Lerner et al, 1972). The failure to detect IgM antibody in the CSF provides no information about the possible persistence of HSV in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Specific IgG and IgM Antibody Responses in Herpes-Simplex-Virus Infections

Kurtz¹

1974

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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OF the wide variety of diseases caused by herpes-simplex virus (HSV) possibly the most severe is acute necrotising encephalitis, which is associated with a high mortality and, in the survivors, with varying degrees of permanent damage to the brain.Recent advances in treatment (Juel-Jensen and MacCallum, 1972) have made obvious the need for early and rapid diagnosis. This at present rests on brain biopsy, with recognition of the presence of virus by immunofluorescence and culture. The detection of antibody in serum, early in the disease, is of no help in diagnosis because a high percentage of the population has antibodies against HSV.In some other viral diseases, e.g., rubella and measles, the presence of specific IgM antibody in the serum has been interpreted as sigmfying recent or continuing infection (Haire and Hadden, 1970;Connolly, Haire and Hadden, 1971). The present work was undertaken to elucidate the antibody responses, both IgG and IgM, in primary HSV infections, oral and genital, in herpetic recurrences and in herpes-simplex encephalitis (HSE). MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients. Serum specimens were taken from nine patients with primary HSV infection, five of whom had oral lesions from which HSV, type 1, had been isolated and four of whom had genital lesions from which type-2 virus had been isolated; and from four patients with recurrent cold sores and one with recurrent genital lesions-all confirmed by virus isolation. Serum and CSF specimens were obtained from ten patients with HSE. The only sera available to us for testing from three of the patients (nos. 21, 23 and 24) had already been inactivated for 30 min. at 56°C. All specimens were stored at -30°C.CompZementfxing (CF) antibody test. This was done by the standard technique, in WHO plates, using 3 MHD of complement and overnight incubation at +4"C. The HSV antigen was either made in our own virus laboratory, by ultrasonic disruption of RK13 cells that had been heavily infected with type-1 herpesvirus, or obtained from the Standards Laboratory, Colindale.Indirect-immunofluorescence antibody test. BHK21 cells were grown on cover slips and were then infected with a dose of a laboratory strain of HSV, type 1, that produced a 3+ cytopathic effect after overnight incubation at 35°C. After this time, the cover slips were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), fixed in acetone for 5 min. and stored at -30°C until used. Serum and CSF specimens for testing were absorbed with BHK21 cells (1.5 x 108 cells per ml of specimen) for 1 hour on a roller at 35°C and then overnight at +4"C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Specific IgG and IgM Antibody Responses in Herpes-Simplex-Virus Infections

Kurtz¹

1974

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The passive HA test may be more sensitive than the routine CF test that we used, and might therefore be positive earlier in the disease. However, comparison of the results of Lerner et al (1972) with ours does not show any obvious advantage for the passive HA test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This problem may be resolved eventually by re-isolation of virus from the brain of a long-surviving proven case, but brain biopsy for this purpose alone is not justifiable. Lerner, Bailey and Nolan (1970) failed to detect HSV neutralising antibody in the CSF of two patients with HSVE, but subsequently reported the finding of passive haemagglutinating (HA) antibodies in such patients (Lerner et al, 1972). Unfortunately, no control tests were done for other virus antibodies in the CSF that were present to high titre in the serum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Herpes-Simplex Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Herpetic Encephalitis

MacCallum

Chinn

Gostling

1974

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…When dealing with acute viral infections of the CNS, detection of an increase in viral antibodies in the CSF may be a more reliable indication of infection than the finding of an increase in serum antibodies alone (Lerner et al, 1972;Kurtz, 1974;MacCallum, Chinn and Gostling, 1974;LeventonKriss, Ramon and Joffe, 1976). Furthermore, in aetiological studies on certain chronic neurological diseases, demonstration of viral antibodies in the CSF is important, especially if production of viral antibody inside the CNS is suspected Salmi, Norrby and Panelius, 1972;Norrby et al, 1974;Cunningham-Rundles et al, 1975;Libikovg et al, 1975;Nikoskelainen et al, 1975).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Usually antiviral antibodies can be demonstrated only in the CSF of patients with acute infectious disorders of the CNS such as encephalitis, meningitis, and myelitis (Lerner et al, 1972;Winchester and Hambling, 1972;Kurtz, 1974;MacCallum et al 1974;Cappel, Thiry and Clinet, 1975;Carroll and Booss, 1976;Deibel and Schryver, 1976;Leventon-Kriss et al, 1976) or in that of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis . In these conditions, the presence of viral antibodies in the CSF may indicate either leakage of antibodies from the serum as a consequence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) lesion, or local production in the CNS of antibody levels that exceed the detection limit of the serological method used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%