Passive immunization and its rebirth in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic

Pavia, Charles S.; Wormser, Gary P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106275

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma (CP), hyperimmune γ-globulin, or artificially produced monoclonal antibodies are beneficial for treatment or prophylaxis of several infections, and these approaches are under investigation as potential therapeutic modalities for the management and prevention of COVID-19 [26]. Passive immunotherapy with human convalescent blood products, in particular CP, is a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convalescent Plasma for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis

Peng¹,

Rhind²,

Beckett³

2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2, has spread quickly worldwide. Convalescent plasma (CP) obtained from patients following recovery from COVID-19 infection and development of antibodies against the virus is an attractive option for either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment, since antibodies may have direct or indirect antiviral activities and immunotherapy has proven effective in principle and in many clinical reports. Objective We seek to characterize the latest advances and evidence in the use of CP for COVID-19 through a systematic review and quantitative analysis, identify knowledge gaps in this setting, and offer recommendations and directives for future research. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were continuously searched for studies assessing the use of CP for COVID-19, including clinical studies, commentaries, reviews, guidelines or protocols, and in vitro testing of CP antibodies. The screening process and data extraction were performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Quality appraisal of all clinical studies was conducted using a universal tool independent of study designs. A meta-analysis of case-control and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using a random-effects model. Results Substantial literature has been published covering various aspects of CP therapy for COVID-19. Of the references included in this review, a total of 243 eligible studies including 64 clinical studies, 79 commentary articles, 46 reviews, 19 guidance and protocols, and 35 in vitro testing of CP antibodies matched the criteria. Positive results have been mostly observed so far when using CP for the treatment of COVID-19. There were remarkable heterogeneities in the CP therapy with respect to patient demographics, donor antibody titers, and time and dose of CP administration. The studies assessing the safety of CP treatment reported low incidence of adverse events. Most clinical studies, in particular case reports and case series, had poor quality. Only 1 RCT was of high quality. Randomized and nonrandomized data were found in 2 and 11 studies, respectively, and were included for meta-analysis, suggesting that CP could reduce mortality and increase viral clearance. Despite promising pilot studies, the benefits of CP treatment can only be clearly established through carefully designed RCTs. Conclusions There is developing support for CP therapy, particularly for patients who are critically ill or mechanically ventilated and resistant to antivirals and supportive care. These studies provide important lessons that should inform the planning of well-designed RCTs to generate more robust knowledge for the efficacy of CP in patients with COVID-19. Future research is necessary to fill the knowledge gap regarding prevention and treatment for patients with COVID-19 with CP while other therapeutics are being developed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convalescent Plasma for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis

Peng¹,

Rhind²,

Beckett³

2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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“… 51 , 52 Another way is to manufacture and mass‐produce specific monoclonal antibodies against the virus via immunized animal models and to re‐engineer commonly recognized SARS‐CoV antibodies that could supplement the body's immune responses. 24 , 53…”

Section: Application and Advantages Of Antibody Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51,52 Another way is to manufacture and mass-produce specific monoclonal antibodies against the virus via immunized animal models and to re-engineer commonly recognized SARS-CoV antibodies that could supplement the body's immune responses. 24,53 In the event there is a lack or shortage of CP, the generation of human antibodies by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and genetically engineered animal hosts can be viewed as additional sources of antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 (Figure 1 and Table 1). Monoclonal antibodies are specific therapeutic molecules that could be utilized as effective therapeutic or protective candidates in various diseases.…”

Section: Application and Advantages Of Antibody Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 22 , 23 Among various treatments for treating infected patients, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies and passive immunotherapy with transfusion of convalescent plasma (CP) from recovering patients have also been used to improve the patients' condition. 24 The current review is focused on the therapeutic capability of multiple neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS‐CoV‐2, and also host‐directed immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies to dampen the aberrant proinflammatory responses in the course of infection and help patients’ improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in antibody‐based immunotherapy strategies for COVID‐19

Esmaeilzadeh

Rostami

Yeganeh

et al. 2021

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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The emergence of a new acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the cause of the 2019‐nCOV disease (COVID‐19), has caused a pandemic and a global health crisis. Rapid human‐to‐human transmission, even from asymptomatic individuals, has led to the quick spread of the virus worldwide, causing a wide range of clinical manifestations from cold‐like symptoms to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan injury, and even death. Therefore, using rapid and accurate diagnostic methods to identify the virus and subsequently select appropriate and effective treatments can help improvement of patients and control the pandemic. So far, various treatment regimens along with prophylactic vaccines have been developed to manage COVID‐19‐infected patients. Among these, antibody‐based therapies, including neutralizing antibodies (against different parts of the virus), polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, plasma therapy, and high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have shown promising outcomes in accelerating and improving the treatment process of patients, avoiding the viral spreading widely, and managing the pandemic. In the current review paper, different types and applications of therapeutic antibodies in the COVID‐19 treatment are comprehensively discussed.

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“…Owing to the high level of serology’s sensitivity, antibodies appear relatively early (2–3 weeks of infection) [ 21 ] and are directed against the spike and nucleocapsid antigens. An additional benefit of serology is the identification of prospective donors of convalescent plasma for use in certain treatment regimens [ 24 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccines for HIV-Infected Patients

Plummer

Pavia

2021

Viruses

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Nearly 40 years have passed since the initial cases of infection with the human mmunodeficiency virus (HIV) were identified as a new disease entity and the cause of acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS). This virus, unlike any other, is capable of causing severe suppression of our adaptive immune defense mechanisms by directly infecting and destroying helper T cells leading to increased susceptibility to a wide variety of microbial pathogens, especially those considered to be intracellular or opportunistic. After T cells are infected, HIV reproduces itself via a somewhat unique mechanism involving various metabolic steps, which includes the use of a reverse transcriptase enzyme that enables the viral RNA to produce copies of its complementary DNA. Subsequent physiologic steps lead to the production of new virus progeny and the eventual death of the invaded T cell. Fortunately, both serologic and molecular tests (such as PCR) can be used to confirm the diagnosis of an HIV infection. In the wake of the current COVID-19 pandemic, it appears that people living with HIV/AIDS are equally or slightly more susceptible to the etiologic agent, SARS-CoV-2, than the general population having intact immune systems, but they may have more serious outcomes. Limited clinical trials have also shown that the currently available COVID-19 vaccines are both safe and effective in affording protection to HIV/AIDS patients. In this review, we further explore the unique dynamic of HIV/AIDS in the context of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of vaccines as a protective measure against COVID-19, as well as what immune parameters and safeguards should be monitored in this immunocompromised group following vaccination.

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Passive immunization and its rebirth in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Convalescent Plasma for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis

Convalescent Plasma for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis

Recent advances in antibody‐based immunotherapy strategies for COVID‐19

COVID-19 Vaccines for HIV-Infected Patients

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