Passive leg raising induced brachial artery dilation: Is an old technique a simpler method to measure endothelial function?

Effects of Ischemic Reperfusion Injury and Remote Conditioning on Passive Leg Raising-Induced Brachial-Artery Dilation

“…In this study, pre- and postischemic conditioning were protective against I-R injury, as shown by the preservation of PLR-BAD. These findings build upon previous observations that suggested PLR is a simple maneuver to elicit BAD [9]. Although PLR results in the intrathoracic pooling of blood, those observations, including no changes in mean heart rate, heart rate variability and the demonstration of shear stress increasing prior to BAD, suggest that PLR-BAD occurs via an endothelial-dependent mechanism rather than by baroreceptor activation [9].…”

“…These findings build upon previous observations that suggested PLR is a simple maneuver to elicit BAD [9]. Although PLR results in the intrathoracic pooling of blood, those observations, including no changes in mean heart rate, heart rate variability and the demonstration of shear stress increasing prior to BAD, suggest that PLR-BAD occurs via an endothelial-dependent mechanism rather than by baroreceptor activation [9]. Accordingly, despite previous studies demonstrating the impairment of baroreceptor function by ischemia and its preservation by ischemic preconditioning in a canine model, the effects of I-R and remote conditioning observed here may have been endothelial-dependent [23].…”

“…Accordingly, it has been proposed for the measurement of arterial vasodilator reserve and possibly endothelial function. Our group previously found that the degree of brachial artery dilation (BAD) induced by PLR correlated with, but was less in magnitude than, hyperemia-induced BAD [9]. Several lines of evidence including unchanged heart rate and heart rate variability suggest that the BAD that occurs with leg elevation is via an endothelial- dependent mechanism [9].…”

Endothelial function within adolescents with cardiovascular risk

“…It is necessary to notice that there are various techniques of evaluation of ED. Tool methods include research of peripheral blood-flow by a tetrapolar rheovasography, ultrasonic Doppler research of a blood-flow in a BA and by carrying out various tests (cold test, nitroglycerine test and other) (Kamran et al, 2010;Mannucci,1998). Laboratory methods define the substances synthesized by endothelium and a vessel's wall (Von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin, prostacyclin).…”

“…Laboratory methods define the substances synthesized by endothelium and a vessel's wall (Von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin, prostacyclin). According to some researches (see, e.g., Kamran et al, 2010) ED in a BA in adults closely depends on atherosclerotic injury of coronary arteries; this fact allows us to use it as model for noninvasive studying of atherosclerotic process, especially at early stages of its development. As a whole, works of the last years convincingly show that ED can be objectively estimated by the means of ultrasonic flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) on endothelial dependent vasodilatation of BA and that is adequate model for endothelial condition studying.…”