Passive mechanism of pitch recoil in flapping insect wings

Ishihara, Daisuke; Horie, Takeshi

doi:10.1088/1748-3190/12/1/016008

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Lastly, α * continues to decline and returns to its initial value. In Figure 5, the solution for the coupled dynamic equation corresponding to the simplified passive pitching model is similar to experimental results [22,23] and computational results [9] listed in the previous literature, which exhibits a tendency quite different from the active pitching.…”

Section: Instantaneous α Of the Passive Pitching Flapping Wingsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Despite of a higher lift compared to active pitching wing, the passive wing kinematic modulations are energetically efficient [9]. Early studies on fruit flies have drawn conclusions from various observations and experiments that fruit flies asymmetrically change the twist angle of their left and right wings and drive their body to complete a lateral movement [22]. Given that the passive pitching model is based on the characteristic of insects, we infer that a similar effect can be achieved in the design of FWMAV [3].…”

Section: Control Strategies In the Passive Pitchingmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Aerodynamic Performance of a Passive Pitching Model on Bionic Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles

Hao

Zhang

2019

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Reducing weight and increasing lift have been an important goal of using flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs). However, FWMAVs with mechanisms to limit the angle of attack (α) artificially by active force cannot meet specific requirements. This study applies a bioinspired model that passively imitates insects’ pitching wings to resolve this problem. In this bionic passive pitching model, the wing root is equivalent to a torsional spring. α obtained by solving the coupled dynamic equation is similar to that of insects and exhibits a unique characteristic with two oscillated peaks during the middle of the upstroke/downstroke under the interaction of aerodynamic, torsional, and inertial moments. Excess rigidity or flexibility deteriorates the aerodynamic force and efficiency of the passive pitching wing. With appropriate torsional stiffness, passive pitching can maintain a high efficiency while enhancing the average lift by 10% than active pitching. This observation corresponds to a clear enhancement in instantaneous force and a more concentrated leading edge vortex. This phenomenon can be attributed to a vorticity moment whose component in the lift direction grows at a rapid speed. A novel bionic control strategy of this model is also proposed. Similar to the rest angle in insects, the rest angle of the model is adjusted to generate a yaw moment around the wing root without losing lift, which can assist to change the attitude and trajectory of a FWMAV during flight. These findings may guide us to deal with various conditions and requirements of FWMAV designs and applications.

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Section: Instantaneous α Of the Passive Pitching Flapping Wingsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Control Strategies In the Passive Pitchingmentioning

confidence: 72%

Aerodynamic Performance of a Passive Pitching Model on Bionic Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles

Hao

Zhang

2019

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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“…In this structure, the elastic membrane is used for the wing membrane, and the stiff beam at the leading edge is used to support the elastic membrane. This wing flaps and its pitching motion is caused by the interaction with the surrounding air to create the sufficient lift [8][9][10][11]. The small input from the microactuator is amplified to flap the wing with the large stroke angle using the resonance due to the plate spring placed at the wing base.…”

Section: Deign Of the Hybrid Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfabrication of hybrid structure composed of rigid silicon and flexible PI membranes

Murakami

Ishihara

Araki

et al. 2017

Micro & Nano Letters

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The authors have designed and microfabricated millimetre‐scale wing‐shaped hybrid microstructures composed of rigid structures of single crystal silicon (SCS) substrates and flexible polyimide (PI) membranes. The wing‐shaped microstructures mimicking insect flapping flight have been newly designed using a fluid‐structure interaction analysis, and the hybrid microstructures based on the design method have been successfully microfabricated using a simple process flow with SCS substrates coated with PI membranes. Shape of the SCS parts in the hybrid microstructures have been successfully fabricated using deep reactive ion etching of the SCS substrate with small etching rate, and the wing plates of PI membranes have been prepared with the photolithography and the curing processes. The flexibility of the PI membranes of the fabricated hybrid microstructures was also confirmed using the bending test of the PI membranes.

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“…Hence, their flapping motion with the large stroke angle [20] causes their deformation due to the aerodynamic force from the surrounding air, and their deformation causes the change of the surrounding air flow, which results in the change of the aerodynamic force. Recent advances on this topic are given mainly by the computational approaches using the computational fluid dynamics [21][22][23][24][25] and the numerical fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Some studies used the experimental approaches [22,29,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Approach for the Fluid-Structure Interaction Design of Insect-Inspired Micro Flapping Wings

Ishihara

2022

Fluids

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A flight device for insect-inspired flapping wing nano air vehicles (FWNAVs), which consists of the micro wings, the actuator, and the transmission, can use the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) to create the characteristic motions of the flapping wings. This design will be essential for further miniaturization of FWNAVs, since it will reduce the mechanical and electrical complexities of the flight device. Computational approaches will be necessary for this biomimetic concept because of the complexity of the FSI. Hence, in this study, a computational approach for the FSI design of insect-inspired micro flapping wings is proposed. This approach consists of a direct numerical modeling of the strongly coupled FSI, the dynamic similarity framework, and the design window (DW) search. The present numerical examples demonstrated that the dynamic similarity framework works well to make different two FSI systems with the strong coupling dynamically similar to each other, and this framework works as the guideline for the systematic investigation of the effect of characteristic parameters on the FSI system. Finally, an insect-inspired micro flapping wing with the 2.5-dimensional structure was designed using the proposed approach such that it can create the lift sufficient to support the weight of small insects. The existing area of satisfactory design solutions or the DW increases the fabricability of this wing using micromachining techniques based on the photolithography in the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Hence, the proposed approach will contribute to the further miniaturization of FWNAVs.

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Passive mechanism of pitch recoil in flapping insect wings

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Aerodynamic Performance of a Passive Pitching Model on Bionic Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles

Aerodynamic Performance of a Passive Pitching Model on Bionic Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles

Microfabrication of hybrid structure composed of rigid silicon and flexible PI membranes

Computational Approach for the Fluid-Structure Interaction Design of Insect-Inspired Micro Flapping Wings

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