Passive microwave remote sensing for sea ice research

Swift, C.T.; Cavalieri, Donald J.

doi:10.1029/eo066i049p01210

Cited by 71 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Among the most commonly used algorithms for estimation of ice concentration from passive microwave data are the NASA Team and Bootstrap algorithms (Swift and Cavalieri 1985;Comiso 1986;Steffen et al 1992). These algorithms use various combinations of brightness temperature (TB) data from the 19.35 (18.0 for SMMR) and 37.0 GHz horizontally (H) and vertically (V) polarised channels.…”

Section: Ice Detection From Ssm/i Passive Microwave Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice and Snow Cover of Continental Water Bodies from Simultaneous Radar Altimetry and Radiometry Observations

et al. 2008

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We show how the studies of ice and snow cover of continental water bodies can benefit from the synergy of more than 15 years-long simultaneous active (radar altimeter) and passive (radiometer) observations from radar altimetric satellites (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, ENVISAT and Geosat Follow-On) and how this approach can be complemented by SSM/I passive microwave data to improve spatial and temporal coverage. Five largest Eurasian continental water bodies-Caspian and Aral seas, Baikal, Ladoga and Onega lakes are selected as examples. First we provide an overview of ice regime and history of ice studies for these seas and lakes. Then a summary of the existing state of the art of ice discrimination methodology from altimetric observations and SSM/I is given. The drawbacks and benefits of each type of sensor and particularities of radiometric properties for each of the chosen water bodies are discussed. Influence of sensor footprint size, ice SSM/I stands for Special Sensor Microwave/Imager. roughness and snow cover on satellite measurements is also addressed. A step-by-step ice discrimination approach based on a combined use of the data from the four altimetric missions and SSM/I is presented, as well as validation of this approach using in situ and independent satellite data in the visible range. The potential for measurement of snow depth on ice from passive microwave observations using both altimeters and SSM/I is addressed and a qualitative comparison of in situ snow depth observations and satellitederived estimates is made.

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Section: Ice Detection From Ssm/i Passive Microwave Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice and Snow Cover of Continental Water Bodies from Simultaneous Radar Altimetry and Radiometry Observations

et al. 2008

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“…Term (1) is the part of the signal that comes from the surface of the Earth, where T s is real surface temperature, g is emissivity, and e -J represents atmospheric absorption. Term (2) T up is the atmospheric upwelling radiation, in term (3) T down is the atmospheric down-welling component, and in term (4) T sp is the cosmic background component (Swift and Cavalieri 1985). There are several algorithms for estimation of sea ice concentration from brightness temperature observed in several channels and both polarizations (Steffen et al 1992).…”

Section: Retrieval Of Ice Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Ice Monitoring by Remote Sensing

Sandven¹,

Johannessen²,

Kloster³

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Sea ice is defined as ice which is formed as a result of freezing of seawater. Sea ice occurs at the surface of the ocean in areas where the surface temperature is cooled to the freezing point, which is about −1.8°C for sea water with a salinity of about 35 parts per thousand. Ice formed in lakes and rivers and icebergs coming from glaciers and ice sheets are not defined as sea ice. Monitoring by remote sensing is defined as any measurement technique which can be used to observe sea ice repeatedly by instruments on board earth observation satellites. Monitoring also includes the process of making observational data available for users a short time after the observations have been obtained (i.e. a few hours). Remote sensing of ice can also be done with aircraft, submarines and other vehicles, but these techniques are not discussed in this article.

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“…The NSAWG chose three candidate algorithms that had been developed and tested, and selected one of these for processing the SSM/I data. A description of each of the three candidate algorithms and the rationale for selecting the NASA Team algorithm are summarized in Swift and Cavalieri (1985).…”

Section: Data Archiving Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensitivity of the algorithm to random errors has been described previously (Swift and Cavalieri, 1985) for the SMMR version of the algorithm. The sensitivity analysis was redone using the SSM/I algorithm coefficients in Table 4.1.…”

Section: Algorithm Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

NASA sea ice validation program for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program special sensor microwave imager

Cavalieri¹

1991

J. Geophys. Res.

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PRECEDING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMEDii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 1982, NASA established a program to process, archive, and distribute to the usercommunity gridded Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) microwave radiances and derived sea ice concentrations for both polar regions. A key element of this effort was the initiation of a sea ice validation program in 1987 for the purpose of providing the user with a measure of the precision and accuracy of the derived sea ice products. Sea ice remote sensing specialists were invited to serve on the NASA sea ice validation team to define and implement the program. A parallel program, which included additional geophysical parameters, was established by the Department of Defense under the leadership of Dr. James P. Hollinger at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This report summarizes the results of the NASA sea ice validation program, including a description of the SSMII calibration and geolocation correction procedures, distribution of SSM/I data on polar grids, and the results of satellite and aircraft sea ice parameter comparisons.The objective of the NASA validation program and the approach taken to meet this objective are outlined in Chapter 1. The objective was to establish quantitative relationships between the sea ice parameters derived from the SSM/I using the NASA Team sea ice algorithm and those same parameters derived from other sources covering as many geographical areas as possible for different seasons. These sea ice parameters include the location of the ice edge, the total sea ice concentration for both north and south polar regions, and the multiyear sea ice concentration for the north polar region only. The ancillary data sets used in the validation consist of visible . and infrared imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites, the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) on Landsat, and high-resolution active and passive microwave imagery from coordinated NASA and Navy aircraft underflights over regions of the Bering, Beaufort, and Chukchi seas in March 1988.A summary of the SSM/I instrument characteristics and calibration is provided in Chapter 2. The first SSM/ I was launched on DMSP F-8 in June 1987. A second and third SSM/I were launched on DMSP F-lOin December 1990 and on DMSP F-Il in November 1991. The SSW measures microwave radiances at 19.4, 37.0, and 85.5 GHz at horizontal and vertical polarizations, and at 22.2 GHz at vertical polarization only. The sensor, operating from a nearpolar orbit, conically scans the surface of the earth, providing a swath width of 1400 km, and thus provides near-global coverage every day. The spatial resolution in kilometers (along-x cross-track) of the sensor varies with frequency ranging from 69 x 43 at 19.4 GHz to 15 x 13 at 85.5 GHz.Analysis of the DMSP F-8 SSM/I data at NRL showed that the SSW radiometer sensitivity is very good with the noise equivalent temperature differential less tha...

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Passive microwave remote sensing for sea ice research

Cited by 71 publications

References 43 publications

Ice and Snow Cover of Continental Water Bodies from Simultaneous Radar Altimetry and Radiometry Observations

Ice and Snow Cover of Continental Water Bodies from Simultaneous Radar Altimetry and Radiometry Observations

Sea Ice Monitoring by Remote Sensing

NASA sea ice validation program for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program special sensor microwave imager

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