Passive Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Therapies

Pelletier, Joseph; Mukhtar, Faisal

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-67509-3.00016-0

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 202 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…suptavumab for RSV NCT02325791 [ 6 ]) or anticipated (e.g. CR8020 for Influenza [ 7 ]) viral escape, contributing to a failure to meet primary endpoints [ 8 , 9 ]. Motavizumab's biological license application as an immunoprophylaxis against RSV infection was withdrawn due to slightly increased rates of injection site reactions that the FDA concluded did not outweigh the limited improvements in prophylactic efficacy over palivizumab [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Many Promising Therapeutic Mabs Have Failed To Treat or Prevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from past failures: Challenges with monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19

Lai

McSweeney

Pickles

2021

Journal of Controlled Release

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COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, requires urgent development of therapeutic interventions. Due to their safety, specificity, and potential for rapid advancement into the clinic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a highly promising class of antiviral or anti-inflammatory agents. Herein, by analyzing prior efforts to advance antiviral mAbs for other acute respiratory infections (ARIs) , we highlight the challenges faced by mAb-based immunotherapies for COVID-19. We present evidence supporting early intervention immediately following a positive diagnosis via inhaled delivery of mAbs with vibrating mesh nebulizers as a promising approach for the treatment of COVID-19.

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Section: Many Promising Therapeutic Mabs Have Failed To Treat or Prevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from past failures: Challenges with monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19

Lai

McSweeney

Pickles

2021

Journal of Controlled Release

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“…Monoclonal antibodies have promising therapeutic effects in the clinic and belong to passive immunotherapy (35). Monoclonal antibody drugs can specifically bind to specific receptors or ligands on the surface of tumor cells or immune cells and block the corresponding signaling pathways, thereby exerting antitumor effects (36).…”

Section: Classification Of Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TAA is a protein expressed by unmutated genes and appears to be significantly over-expressed in tumor cells but rarely expressed in normal cells (11). Because TAAs are normal host proteins, they are subject to both central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms (35,64). Targeting TAAs may also lead to autoimmune toxicity (39); tumor specific antigen (TSA) is a neoantigen resulting from somatic mutations and is expressed only in tumor cells but not in normal cells (66).…”

Section: What Is the Neoantigen?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy

et al. 2021

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Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body’s anti-tumor immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of cancer, particularly the success of immune checkpoint blockade targeting CTLA-4, PD-1 and PDL1, which has led to a breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy. Tumor neoantigens, a new approach to tumor immunotherapy, include antigens produced by tumor viruses integrated into the genome and antigens produced by mutant proteins, which are abundantly expressed only in tumor cells and have strong immunogenicity and tumor heterogeneity. A growing number of studies have highlighted the relationship between neoantigens and T cells’ recognition of cancer cells. Vaccines developed against neoantigens are now being used in clinical trials in various solid tumors. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in the classification of immunotherapy and the process of classification, identification and synthesis of tumor-specific neoantigens, as well as their role in current cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the application prospects and existing problems of neoantigens were discussed.

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“…These antibodies are prepared from human plasma of hyper‐immunised individuals or convalescent patients. 29 On 23 August 2020, FDA issued an emergency use authorisation (EUA) for COVID‐19 convalescent plasma as an investigational product for treatment of hospitalised patients with COVID‐19. 30 , 31 However, plasmas from infected patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 or convalescent patients have been shown to contain neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies with varying neutralising capacity levels.…”

Section: Neutralising Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyclonal preparations of the antibodies have several limitations including insufficient level of neutralising potency in donor plasma, rapid decline of nAbs in convalescent patients, lot‐to‐lot heterogeneity, lack of plasma donors, and possibility of transmission of microbial agents and adverse reactions to plasma proteins. 29 , 37 , 38 Interestingly, neutralising MAbs targeting microbial antigens including COVID‐19 lack these limitations and could therefore be considered as prophylactic/therapeutic alternative for the passive immunotherapy. 29 , 37 Until now, no FDA/European Medicines Agency (EMA)‐approved neutralising MAb for COVID‐19 infection has entered in clinic, although a few number of the MAbs have been authorised for emergency use.…”

Section: Neutralising Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitope mapping of neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies: Implications for immunotherapy and vaccine design

Ghotloo

Maghsood

Golsaz‐Shirazi

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This disease has currently affected more than 346 million people and resulted in more than 5.5 million deaths in many countries. Neutralising monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus could serve as prophylactic/therapeutic agents in COVID‐19 infection by providing passive protection against the virus in individuals. Until now, no Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency‐approved neutralising MAb against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus exists in the market, though a number of MAbs have been authorised for emergency use. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of efficient anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralising MAbs for use in the clinic. Moreover, neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 MAbs could be used as beneficial tools for designing epitope‐based vaccines against the virus. Given that the target epitope of a MAb is a crucial feature influencing its neutralising potency, target epitopes of neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 MAbs already reported in the literature and reactivity of these MAbs with SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are reviewed herein.

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Passive Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Therapies

Cited by 21 publications

References 202 publications

Learning from past failures: Challenges with monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19

Learning from past failures: Challenges with monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19

Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy

Epitope mapping of neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies: Implications for immunotherapy and vaccine design

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