Passive Multistatic Radar Imaging of Vessel Target Using GNSS Satellites of Opportunity

Huang, Chuan; Li, Zhongyu; An, Hongyang; Sun, Zhichao; Wu, Junjie; Yang, Jianyu

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3195993

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…With tremendous advances in hardware and signal-processing technology, PBRs are extensively deployed for air traffic control, coastal/maritime protection, and terrestrial vehicle surveillance [8,9]. At present, a variety of IOs, such as frequency modulation (FM) [10,11], digital television terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB) [12,13], long-term evolution (LTE) [14], WiFi [15] and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) [16][17][18], are suitable for PBR systems because of their close-to-ideal ambiguity function. Additionally, due to the high power (FM, DTMB), wide bandwidth (LTE), high carrier frequency, and easy accessibility (WiFi) of these signal sources, they have been extensively used in airspace target warning, sea target detection, low-altitude drone monitoring, and indoor safety applications, garnering significant interest from radar researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coherent Integration Method for Moving Target Detection in Frequency Agile Signal-Based Passive Bistatic Radar

Zuo,

Li,

Tan

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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In this paper, the possibility of improving target detection performance in passive bistatic radar by exploiting a frequency agile (FA) signal is investigated, namely frequency agile signal-based passive bistatic radar (FAPBR) coherent integration. Since the carrier frequency of each pulse signal is agile, FAPBR coherent integration suffers from the problems of random range and Doppler phase fluctuations. To tackle these challenges, a novel FA signal coherent integration target detection scheme for PBR is proposed. In particular, the phase quadratic difference principle is presented for eliminating Doppler phase hopping. Then, frequency rearrangement is adopted to compensate for random range phase fluctuation while obtaining the high-range-resolution profiles (HRRPs) of the detecting target. Further, we innovatively present a sliding-range ambiguity decoupling (S-RAD) method to remove the range ambiguity effect in the case of the high pulse repetition frequency (HPRF). Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can effectively mitigate Doppler phase hopping without requiring prior target velocity information, offering improved coherent integration performance in frequency agile signals with reduced computational complexity. Moreover, it successfully corrects the range ambiguity issue caused by HPRF. Finally, a series of simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coherent Integration Method for Moving Target Detection in Frequency Agile Signal-Based Passive Bistatic Radar

Zuo,

Li,

Tan

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…However, the RD algorithm provides its output in an image projection plane (IPP) which depends on the particular illumination and motion conditions. Therefore, RD is not suitable for the direct combination of images taken from a variety of bistatic geometries, which is a fruitful mean to overcome the inherent limitations of passive ISAR [14]- [16], [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Rotational Motion Estimation Errors on Passive Bistatic ISAR Imaging via Backprojection Algorithm

Santi,

Pisciottano,

Cristallini

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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This work investigates the impact of motion estimation errors on passive inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images of rotating targets when back-projection algorithm (BPA) is employed to focus the data. Accurate target motion estimation can be quite challenging, especially in non-cooperative target scenarios. In these cases, BPA is applied under erroneous target kinematics information, entailing defocusing and distortions of the final image product. Starting from the evaluation of the image point spread function (PSF) and the resolution properties of the BPA image under ideally known target motion, it will be analytically shown as, at first order, the PSF under motion estimation errors is approximately a scaled and rotated version of the nominal one. Then, theoretical solutions to predict the location of the scatterers in the image will be provided to characterize in closed-form the distortion of the BPA plane. Numerical results under different use cases of practical interest are provided to analyze the level of accuracy required by the motion estimation task for a reliable focusing in the challenging passive radar scenario. Experimental results using both terrestrial and satellite signals of opportunity are also provided, showing the general validity of the approach in different passive ISAR systems. The present analysis is not limited to passive radars and it can be also applied to active bistatic radars having limited transmitted bandwidth.

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“…Hence, before azimuth compression, the target velocity must be estimated through the Doppler history of the target signal. In [34], motivated by the back-projection algorithm (BPA) commonly used in the field of GNSS-SAR, a moving target imaging method is proposed, in which the target signal energy focused in the bistatic range and Doppler domain is projected into the local Cartesian plane by searching the target velocity. However, like BPA, the projection process in [34] is performed at the expense of a high computational cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [34], motivated by the back-projection algorithm (BPA) commonly used in the field of GNSS-SAR, a moving target imaging method is proposed, in which the target signal energy focused in the bistatic range and Doppler domain is projected into the local Cartesian plane by searching the target velocity. However, like BPA, the projection process in [34] is performed at the expense of a high computational cost. In this article, to efficiently obtain the focused image, a two-stage imaging method is proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maritime Ship Target Imaging With GNSS-Based Passive Multistatic Radar

Chen

Yang

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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In the field of maritime surveillance, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based passive radar has proven its potential for moving target detection (MTD), localization, and velocity estimation. The next stage is to investigate the possibility of obtaining the radar image of the moving ship for target recognition. However, the limited signal power budget of GNSS prevents the conventional inverse synthetic aperture radar technique that is based on target rotational motion and short observation time for GNSS-based passive radar imaging moving target. In this article, a two-stage imaging processing method relying on the target translational motion over a long observation time is proposed. The first stage confirms the presence of the target by a long-time MTD processing technique. In the second stage, based on the analysis of the Doppler history of the target signal in the slow-time domain, short-time Fourier transform and modified random sample consensus are combined to robustly estimate target velocity with reduced computation complexity. To obtain the focused bistatic image, azimuth compression is conducted by using the estimated target velocity. Finally, an image fusion operation is implemented to combine the bistatic images achievable from multiple satellites so that a multistatic image with high quality can be created. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the real experimental results of three cargo ships illuminated by several satellites.

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Passive Multistatic Radar Imaging of Vessel Target Using GNSS Satellites of Opportunity

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

A Coherent Integration Method for Moving Target Detection in Frequency Agile Signal-Based Passive Bistatic Radar

A Coherent Integration Method for Moving Target Detection in Frequency Agile Signal-Based Passive Bistatic Radar

Impact of Rotational Motion Estimation Errors on Passive Bistatic ISAR Imaging via Backprojection Algorithm

Maritime Ship Target Imaging With GNSS-Based Passive Multistatic Radar

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