Passive radar imaging of moving targets using distributed apertures

Wang, Ling; Yazıcı, Birsen

doi:10.1117/12.887452

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The method exploits the Doppler information induced by the motion of the moving targets as well as the statistics of the additive noise. In [48,49], we presented conference versions of the present paper without many of the results, derivations, and analysis.…”

Section: Related Work and Advantages Of Our Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Imaging of Moving Targets Using Sparse Distributed Apertures

Wang¹,

Yazıcı²

2012

SIAM J. Imaging Sci.

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We develop a new passive imaging method for moving targets in free space using measurements from a sparse array of receivers that rely on illumination sources of opportunity. Our imaging method consists of a novel passive measurement model for moving targets and an associated image formation method. The passive measurement model for moving targets relates measurements at a given receiver to measurements at other receivers in terms of Doppler and delay based on the physics of wave propagation as well as the statistics of noise. Next, we use this model to address the image formation as a generalized likelihood ratio test for an unknown target position and velocity. The image is formed by using the position-and velocity-resolved test-statistic that is obtained by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the test-statistic. When the discriminant functional is constrained to be linear, the test-statistic can be viewed as the superposition of the filtered, scaled, and delayed correlations of the measurements obtained at different receivers. We analyze the spatial and velocity resolution of the four-dimensional point spread function of our imaging method in terms of the number of receivers and transmitters and the nature of the waveforms of opportunity. We present extensive numerical simulations to demonstrate the performance of our passive moving target imaging method for different numbers of receivers and different types of waveforms of opportunity available in the real world.

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Section: Related Work and Advantages Of Our Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Imaging of Moving Targets Using Sparse Distributed Apertures

Wang¹,

Yazıcı²

2012

SIAM J. Imaging Sci.

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“…This result, as well as imaging in the presence of more general noise models and performance analysis, is described in our work [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The dependence of the image resolution on the length of the support of the windowing function and the carrier frequency of the transmitted waveform can also be understood from the perspective of the spreading of the DSAH iso-Doppler curves. As previously described, our imaging method performs the filtered-backprojection onto the DSAH iso-Doppler curves as defined by (21). The image resolution is accordingly closely related to the width of the spreading of the DSAH iso-Doppler curves, which is determined by the Doppler ambiguity of the transmitted waveform, and thus the duration of the signal to be processed, and the transmitter frequency.…”

Section: Resolution Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that the correlated data can be backpropagated to the scene radiance without knowing the location of the transmitters. We next introduce the concept of passive Doppler scale factor using the radial velocities of the receivers [21]. In the context of Doppler-hitchhiker, we refer to the passive Doppler scale factor as the Doppler-hitchhiker scale factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I N RECENT years, the presence of ambient radio frequencies due to a growing number of transmitters of opportunity, such as radio, television, and cell phone stations, has motivated interest in passive radar applications [1]- [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Doppler-Hitchhiker: A Novel Passive Synthetic Aperture Radar Using Ultranarrowband Sources of Opportunity

Yarman

Yazıcı

2011

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-In this paper, we present a novel synthetic aperture radar imaging modality that uses ultranarrowband sources of opportunity and passive airborne receivers to form an image of the ground. Due to its combined passive synthetic aperture and high Doppler resolution of the transmitted waveforms, we refer to this modality as the Doppler Synthetic Aperture Hitchhiker or Doppler-hitchhiker for short. Our imaging method first correlates the windowed signal obtained from one receiver with the scaled and translated version of the received signal in another window from the same or another receiver. We show that this correlation processing removes the transmitter-related variables from the phase of the resulting operator that maps the radiance of the scene to the correlated signals. We define a concept of passive Doppler scale factor using the radial velocities of the receivers. Next, we show that the scaled, translated, and correlated signal is the projection of the scene radiance onto the contours that are formed by the intersection of the surfaces of constant passive Doppler scale factor and ground topography. We use microlocal analysis to design a generalized filtered-backprojection operator to reconstruct the scene radiance from its projections. Our analysis shows that the resolution of the reconstructed images improves with the increased time duration and center frequency of the transmitted ultranarrowband signals. Our reconstruction method is analytic and therefore can be made computationally efficient. Furthermore, it easily accommodates arbitrary flight trajectories, nonflat topography, and system-related parameters. We present numerical simulations to demonstrate the performance of our imaging method.Index Terms-Filtered-backprojection (FBP), passive imaging, passive radar, passive synthetic aperture radar, ultra-narrowband waveforms.

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Passive radar imaging of moving targets using distributed apertures

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Passive Imaging of Moving Targets Using Sparse Distributed Apertures

Passive Imaging of Moving Targets Using Sparse Distributed Apertures

Doppler-Hitchhiker: A Novel Passive Synthetic Aperture Radar Using Ultranarrowband Sources of Opportunity

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