Passive Radar: Past, Present, and Future Challenges

Colone, Fabiola; Filippini, Francesca; Pastina, Debora

doi:10.1109/maes.2022.3221685

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Often, the instantaneous bandwidth of each SOP is limited, affecting radar metrics such as range resolution and Doppler resolution. Additionally, the variations in signal structure of each SOP can affect radar signal processing 16,17 .…”

Section: Passive Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposed concept for metacognitive configuration switching for tracking radar systems

Sreekantamurthy

Ridder

Martone

et al. 2023

Radar Sensor Technology XXVII

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Target tracking has become more complicated as radar operating environments have become increasingly congested with clutter, interference, and countermeasures for jamming of radio frequency (RF) signals. As a result, the accuracy and performance of target tracking radars are further degraded. Three configurations of radar systems, namely, monostatic radar, bistatic radar, and passive radar, are commonly used today. The most conventional one is the monostatic radar defined by a co-located transmitter and receiver. In the bistatic radar system, the radar transmitter and receiver are physically separated by a large distance. A passive radar system is a derivative of the bistatic radar system, wherein radar functions are performed without the use of one's own transmitter. Instead, existing signals-of-opportunity (SOP) within the RF environment are opportunistically exploited to perform the radar functions. This paper presents a concept based on metacognition which entails dynamically switching the mode of operation between the three radar configurations to optimize target tracking accuracy. The paper provides an overview of the three radar configurations followed by the description of an approach for switching radar configuration among the three radars. Modeling and simulation of a passive radar system for target tracking in MATLAB is presented and followed by analysis and discussion of its performance.

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Section: Passive Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposed concept for metacognitive configuration switching for tracking radar systems

Sreekantamurthy

Ridder

Martone

et al. 2023

Radar Sensor Technology XXVII

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“…The ability of radars to make images regardless of weather conditions, day and night, clearly makes the sensor important for national security concerns since the movement of targets can be clearly seen [1]. Noticeably, space-borne radars present some relevant advantages with respect to the ground-based ones: wider accessibility on the global scale and not reliance on potentially vulnerable infrastructures [2]. Space-borne radar have higher data rates, larger processing capacities, and more complex imaging algorithms than optical remote sensing satellites [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Space-Borne ISAR Imaging of Space Objects with Co-Maximization of Doppler Spread and Spacecraft Component Area

Gong,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) has been proven to be an effective tool for space target sensing due to its capability of performing high-resolution imaging. Since the component information of the spacecraft is key to the identification of the target and diagnosis of its status, ISAR images with a clear and complete representation of the typical components are much desired. This requires a selection of the imaging time, during which a certain spacecraft component has a good projection on the ISAR image plane with the shape feature well conserved and a high resolution. In addition, a fully automated implementation with a high computational efficiency is also highly preferred for on-orbit operations so as to improve the intelligence level of the space-borne system. We propose a bicriterion-based automated optimal imaging time-selection method for the space-borne ISAR, which is seeking the slow time section of the data that result in the best image. A good image means a high azimuth resolution and the best presentation of the solar panels. One criterion is the Maximum Doppler Spread (MDS), which indicates the maximum Effective Rotational Velocity (ERV) leading to high image resolution, but it is influenced by the satellite attitude. of the spacecraft. The other is the Maximum Component Area (MCA), which is defined to indicate the completeness of the component considered. The radar echoes are processed sequentially by way of a sliding window. The interval with the co-maximization of the DS and CA is selected, and fine processing is performed further to obtain the best images. The results of the simulation experiments show that the proposed method can achieve spacecraft images with the solar panels presented the best. The computational complexity is low.

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“…Recently, passive bistatic radar (PBR) has received renewed and increasing interest due to its capability of silent surveillance [1]. The absence of a transmitter enables PBR to avoid spectrum occupancy and realize target detection by exploiting the existing illuminators of opportunity (IOs), such as frequency-modulated (FM)-based broadcast [2], as well as digital transmissions, such as global systems for mobile communication (GSMs) [3], digital audio broadcasting (DAB) [4], digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) [5], digital video broadcasting-satellite (DVB-S) [6], global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal [7], and the 5G network [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of a transmitter enables PBR to avoid spectrum occupancy and realize target detection by exploiting the existing illuminators of opportunity (IOs), such as frequency-modulated (FM)-based broadcast [2], as well as digital transmissions, such as global systems for mobile communication (GSMs) [3], digital audio broadcasting (DAB) [4], digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) [5], digital video broadcasting-satellite (DVB-S) [6], global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal [7], and the 5G network [8]. Various PBR systems have been developed and employed for shorter-range monitoring applications to detect small drones, vehicles, and people, or for remote area surveillance [1]. When the IOs exhibit several regular frequency bands emitted by a single transmitter, further performance improvements can be achieved via exploiting multi-frequency integration (MFI) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quasi-Coherent Detection Method Based on Radon–Fourier Transform Using Multi-Frequency-Based Passive Bistatic Radar

Li,

Song,

2023

Remote Sensing

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Passive bistatic radar (PBR)-based moving target detection (MTD) has benefited greatly from multi-frequency (MF) integration, which can effectively improve the detection capability of weak targets. However, with the increase in the coherent processing interval (CPI) and carrier-frequency separation, Doppler spread will appear in the range-Doppler maps (RDMs) over different frequency bands, which severely limits the processing gain of MF integration. In this paper, a novel MTD algorithm is proposed to achieve both long-time integration and quasi-coherent MF integration. More specifically, the proposed method consists of two main steps, where a modified Radon–Fourier transform (RFT), termed as MF-based RFT (MF-RFT), is, firstly, used to eliminate the Doppler spread via designing a sequential of MF-based Doppler filter banks. Following the MF-RFT, a phase-compensation-based method is also developed to further remove the residual phase errors. This method involves formulating an optimization problem based on the minimum-entropy criterion and employing a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve it, after which quasi-coherent MF integration can be achieved with robustness. Both numerical results and field test results based on digital video broadcasting-satellite (DVB-S) signals demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing methods in the scenario of weak MTD.

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Passive Radar: Past, Present, and Future Challenges

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

A proposed concept for metacognitive configuration switching for tracking radar systems

A proposed concept for metacognitive configuration switching for tracking radar systems

Optimal Space-Borne ISAR Imaging of Space Objects with Co-Maximization of Doppler Spread and Spacecraft Component Area

A Quasi-Coherent Detection Method Based on Radon–Fourier Transform Using Multi-Frequency-Based Passive Bistatic Radar

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