2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00683
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Passive remote sensing technology for mapping bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana): A review of techniques and regional case study

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Cited by 30 publications
(69 citation statements)
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“…2). The spectral signature of kelp shows high reflectance in the near-infrared (NIR) and low reflectance in red bands, while sparse or submerged kelp beds show lower ratio of NIR to red due to the effect of water, which strongly absorbs NIR (detailed spectral analysis in (Schroeder et al 2019)).…”
Section: In Situ Datasetmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…2). The spectral signature of kelp shows high reflectance in the near-infrared (NIR) and low reflectance in red bands, while sparse or submerged kelp beds show lower ratio of NIR to red due to the effect of water, which strongly absorbs NIR (detailed spectral analysis in (Schroeder et al 2019)).…”
Section: In Situ Datasetmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this case, images collected prior to or after peak growth may underestimate maximum kelp extent. 3 Differences in image quality due to environmental conditions at the time of acquisition including tide height, glint and water surface (Schroeder et al 2019). Effects of currents can cause changes to surface kelp extent on an hourly and even minutely basis (Britton-Simmons et al 2008).…”
Section: Change Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Satellite remote sensing of seagrass and coral habitat is widely used in tropical clear waters, where bottom habitat is readily detectable to great depths (<40 m) (Hossain et al, 2015;Kovacs et al, 2018;Wicaksono et al, 2019). Satellite remote sensing is also widely used in a range of water types for certain seaweed habitats, when the vegetation canopy reaches the surface, as the measured signal comes from the sea surface, opposed to the seafloor, and there is negligible interaction of the water-leaving signal with the water column (e.g., Schroeder et al, 2019;Bell et al, 2020;Mora-Soto et al, 2020). A more complicated classification question arises for submerged macrophytes in optically complex temperate waters, where high CDOM, suspended particulate matter, and phytoplankton concentration reduce the maximum depth at which the seafloor is visible compared to tropical habitats (3-10 m vs. <40 m).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%