Passive Resonant Sensors: Trends and Future Prospects

Abstract

Sensors based on "resonance phenomenon" span a broad spectrum of important current applications including detection of biological and chemical agents, and measurements of physical quantities. Resonance phenomena occur with all types of waves: electromagnetic, optic, and acoustic. This review reports about the most recent advances in the design and applications of resonant "passive" sensors, i.e. resonant sensors able to operate with a distant power source and/or able to communicate with a distant transceiver. The sensors considered in this review include acoustic, magnetoelastic, and electromagnetic transducers. They are presented through their relevant technological aspects and through they major advantages which include their integrability within embedded systems and/or systems requiring energy autonomy. Furthermore, the use of these resonant sensors is illustrated in a large variety of applications, ranging from environmental monitoring, structural health monitoring, food packaging monitoring, wearable or implanted sensors for the monitoring of physiological parameters in healthcare related applications, to IoT and future industry monitoring applications.

Real-Time Detection of Phenylacetaldehyde in Wine: Application of a Microwave Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Silica

“…The microwave sensor consists of a microstrip transmission line with a trapezoidal spiral [ 16 , 17 ]. The proposed circuit was obtained by making the sensor on Rogers RT/duroid ® 6202 substrate ( ε r = 2.94).…”

Development of a Wearable Wireless Sensing Device for Characterization of Hand Tremors Through Vibration Frequency Analysis

“…The absence of dominant peaks in the spectrum is a clear indication that the use of TMD, the very principle of which is based on tuning on specific values, cannot be technically considered to absorb the hand tremors. A glance at Figures 9,10,11,12, which shows the vibrations produced by patients suffering from Parkinsonism, reveals noticeable peaks between 3 and 8 Hz. The dominance of such peaks in the spectral response is a clear indication, from an engineering perspective, that the use of TMD can seriously be considered to absorb the hand tremors and provide more stability for the patient.…”

“…To customize a wearable TMD device for patients, the first step of this multi-disciplinary project required designing and building a vibration data acquisition device to gather appropriate experimental measurements (i.e., frequency and severity) for characterizing, monitoring, and controlling involuntary hand vibrations [10,11]. Because of technological advancements, inertial measurement units and other wearable sensors can detect tremors, resulting in compact, low-cost, power-efficient, and precise sensors [12][13][14].…”

“…Figures 9,10,11,12 represent the spectrum of tremors associated with Parkinson's Disease experienced by patients 2 and 3.…”

Near Field Sensing Applications with Tunable Beam Millimeter Wave Antenna Sensors in an All-in-One Chip Design

“…Wireless sensors are differentiated into active and passive wireless sensors. Applications of passive wireless sensors include passive radar [1][2][3][4][5], liquid sensing [6][7][8], spatial positioning [9][10][11][12][13], RFID [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and blood glucose determination [22,23].…”