“…Most of such works were focused on frontal, or Type I collisions, in which a motorcycle crashed directly onto an opponent vehicle because it has been well known to be the severest type of road crash. Such collision type is not only highly represented in statistics (Whitaker, 1980;Otte et al, 1981;Harms, 1989;Pang et al, 2000;Piantini et al, 2016) but also always leads to serious or fatal head injuries (Ramet et al, 1981;Sporner et al, 1990;Pang et al, 1999;MacLeod et al, 2010;Piantini et al, 2016) as the rider is often ejected from the motorcycle and thrown directly towards the opponent vehicle, with the head directly impacts with stiff parts of the vehicle.…”