Passive sampling of pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls along the Quequén Grande River watershed, Argentina

Abstract

Water monitoring is of great importance, especially for water bodies in agricultural or industrial areas. Grab sampling is a widely used technique for aquatic monitoring but represents only a snapshot of the contaminant levels at a specific point in time. Passive sampling, on the other hand, is an integrative technique that provides an average concentration of contaminants representative of its deployment period. Thus, the current contamination by organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and some currently used pesticides was assessed along the Quequ en Grande River watershed (Argentina) using the integrative silicone rubber passive sampling technique in a year-long study. Silicone rubber samplers were deployed at 6 sampling sites selected according to different land uses (agricultural-livestock production, agricultural and urban activities) during 3 periods in 2014 and 2015. The organochlorine pesticides were dominated by endosulfan (sum of a-, b-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate ¼ 0.15-23.4 ng/L). The highest endosulfan levels were registered during the pesticide application period (December-March), exceeding the international water quality guidelines for protecting freshwater biota (3 ng/L). Compared with previous reports, no reductions in endosulfan levels were observed at the Quequ en Grande River watershed. These results would suggest the illegal use of remaining stocks because water sampling was carried out after endosulfan was banned in Argentina. Chlorpyrifos was the second major pesticide found in water (0.02-4.3 ng/L), associated with its widespread usage on soybean crops. A reduction in levels of legacy pesticides (heptachlors, DDTs, dieldrin, and chlordanes) was evident compared with previous reports from 2007. Levels of PCBs were very low, indicating that probably only minor diffuse sources were still available along the Quequ en Grande River watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:340-349. C 2018 SETAC

Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review

“…Monitoring spatial and temporal trends River waters PAHs; PCBs; pesticides; phthalates SR alongside Speedisk PSDs were used to monitor the spatial and temporal variation in sources, occurrence, concentrations and fate of a range of HOCs within various river catchments. [191][192][193][194][195]207] Coastal waters PAHs; PCBs; pesticides SR and other PSDs (LDPE, Chemcatcher ® and SPMD) were deployed in various exposures at coastal sites to investigate temporal and spatial trends in the concentration of a range of target HOCs and to screen for the occurrence of HOCs and use of detection frequency to inform a fugacity model.…”

Legacy and new chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in the rivers of south India: Occurrences, sources, variations before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic

“…The average concentration of β -endosulfan in the south Indian rivers was lower than that of other rivers such as Brahmaputra and Hooghly ( Chakraborty et al, 2016a , Khuman and Chakraborty, 2019 ) but comparable with Gomti in India ( Malik et al, 2009 ) and Maozhou, Guanlan, Buji, Longgan and Pingshan rivers of China ( Qiu et al, 2021 ). The levels were lower than levels from Chenab ( Eqani et al, 2012 ) and Ravi ( Baqar et al, 2018 ) rivers in Pakistan and Pampanga River, Philippines ( Navarrete et al, 2018 ) but were higher than levels observed in Quequén Grande River, Argentina ( Silva‐Barni et al, 2019 ) ( Table S5 ).…”

Single and Combined Effects of Cypermethrin and UVR Pre-Exposure in the Microalgae Phaeodactylum Tricornutum

“…Induction and accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds (UACs, such as mycosporinelike amino acids among others), flavonoids, or carotenoids can help some microalgae/macroalgae species to cope with the pro-oxidant UVR effects (Marcoval et al 2007;Navarro et al 2008), while chemical stress can also produce the induction of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses (Bhargava et al 2007;Wang et al 2011). Synthetic pesticides used in agriculture could reach aquatic environments near or far from sources such as estuarine and coastal waters (Munaron et al 2012;Silva-Barni et al 2019). In this sense, most of the studies on the tolerance of microalgae to pesticides are focused on herbicides due to their action on the photosynthetic system (Jamers and De Coen 2010;Lozano et al 2014) and mainly on freshwater species (Nestler et al 2012;Baruah and Chaurasia 2020).…”