Passive Smoking Affects Endothelium and Platelets

Davis, James W.; Shelton, Loretta; Watanabe, Itaru; Arnold, Joyce

doi:10.1001/archinte.1989.00390020096020

Cited by 132 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, while the effect of “smoke” on platelet count remains controversial, with studies showing it to be increased51 or unaffected,52, 53 we sought to examine whether e‐cigarettes would produce any effects under our experimental conditions. Our data revealed no difference in platelet count between clean air– and e‐cigarette–exposed mice, that is, 526±64 versus 571±96 (thousand/µL; P =0.323), respectively, at least under the present experimental conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is consistent with our hemostasis findings, as a (significant) decrease in platelet count would be expected to result in a bleeding diathesis, and not the shortened bleeding time we observed. As for the effects of traditional tobacco, studies are controversial, with some showing the platelet counts to be increased51 or unaffected 52, 53. These differences could be attributed, in part, to the different exposure conditions and study populations/subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short‐Term E‐Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice

Qasim

Karim

Silva‐Espinoza

et al. 2018

JAHA

100

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BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the United States, with smoking being the primary preventable cause of premature death, and thrombosis being the main mechanism of cardiovascular mortality in smokers. Due to the perception that electronic/e‐cigarettes are “safer/less harmful” than conventional cigarettes, their usage—among a variety of ages—has increased tremendously during the past decade. Notably, there are limited studies regarding the negative effects of e‐cigarettes on the cardiovascular system, which is also the subject of significant debate.Methods and ResultsWe employed a passive e‐VapeTM vapor inhalation system and developed an in vivo whole‐body e‐cigarette mouse exposure protocol that mimics real‐life human exposure scenarios/conditions and investigated the effects of e‐cigarettes and clean air on platelet function and thrombogenesis. Our results show that platelets from e‐cigarette–exposed mice are hyperactive, with enhanced aggregation, dense and α granule secretion, activation of the αIIbβ3 integrin, phosphatidylserine expression, and Akt and ERK activation, when compared with clean air–exposed platelets. E‐cigarette–exposed platelets were also found to be resistant to inhibition by prostacyclin, relative to clean air. Furthermore, the e‐cigarette–exposed mice exhibited a shortened thrombosis occlusion and bleeding times.ConclusionsTaken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that e‐cigarettes alter physiological hemostasis and increase the risk of thrombogenic events. This is attributable, at least in part, to the hyperactive state of platelets. Thus, the negative health consequences of e‐cigarette exposure should not be underestimated and warrant further investigation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐Term E‐Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice

Qasim

Karim

Silva‐Espinoza

et al. 2018

JAHA

100

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“…TC smoking contributes to the development of chronic lung disease. Studies found an increased production rate of growth factors and type 1 procollagen in the small airways, leucocyte bounding to endothelial cells, increased lung inflammation, and increased platelet activation—all of which are linked chronic lung disease and eventual carcinoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes?: Review on e-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke

Kacker

2014

The Laryngoscope

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Objectives/Hypothesis: Development and utilization of electronic cigarettes (ECs) resulted from the search for healthier alternatives to conventional tobacco cigarettes (TCs) and the search for alternative methods for quitting TCs. This review compares the potential disease burden presented by TC smoke to that of EC vapor.Methods: Potential disease burden of EC vapor versus TC smoke was assessed by reviewing clinical studies that measured inhaled components. Chemicals and carcinogens produced by vapor versus smoke were compared.Results: Studies show that EC vapors contain far less carcinogenic particles than TC smoke. Whereas ECs have the ability to reach peak serum cotinine/nicotine levels comparable to that of TCs, ECs do not cause an increase in total white blood cell count; thus, ECs have the potential to lower the risk of atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation. Use of ECs has been shown to improve indoor air quality in a home exposed to TC smoke. This reduces secondhand smoke exposure, thus having the potential to decrease respiratory illness/asthma, middle-ear disease, sudden infant death syndrome, and more. However, some studies claim that propylene glycol (PG) vapor can induce respiratory irritation and increase chances for asthma. To minimize risks, EC manufacturers are replacing PG with distilled water and glycerin for vapor production.Conclusion: Based on the comparison of the chemical analysis of EC and TC carcinogenic profiles and association with health-indicating parameters, ECs impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional TCs.

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“…For example, TSE, including secondhand smoke, is known to increase pro-inflammatory mediators, up-regulate cellular adhesion factors, damage platelets and endothelium [59,60,61,62], and increase hemolysis of red blood cells [62,63,64,65], all of which contribute to SCD vaso-occlusion and end-organ complications [66]. Hemolysis and free hemoglobin released from lysed red blood cells have also been associated with SCD morbidity and end-organ complications, such as pulmonary hypertension [67].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TSE, including secondhand smoke exposure, has been shown to impact nutritional status and infectious complications in other systemic disorders such as cystic fibrosis [70], and likely contributes to pain in SCD. TSE may up-regulate underlying inflammatory mechanisms of SCD associated with vascular inflammation and vaso-occlusion, such as cell adhesion, endothelial activation, platelet aggregation, and others [60]. Further, TSE may influence RBC fragility and hemolysis in people with SCD in whom acute and chronic hemolysis is a feature of the disease.…”

Section: Areas For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondhand Smoke Is an Important Modifiable Risk Factor in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review of the Current Literature and Areas for Future Research

Sadreameli¹,

Kopp

Creary

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy that causes significant morbidity and mortality related to chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusion, and resultant end-organ damage. Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) through secondhand smoke exposure in people with SCD of all ages and through primary smoking in adolescents and adults is associated with significantly increased morbidity, with increased rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for painful vaso-occlusive crises and acute chest syndrome (ACS). Secondhand smoke is also associated with pulmonary function abnormalities in children with SCD who are already at risk for pulmonary function abnormalities on the basis of SCD. TSE is emerging as one of the few modifiable risk factors of SCD. This review discusses the current state of the evidence with respect to TSE and SCD morbidity, discusses potential mechanisms, and highlights current gaps in the evidence and future research directions.

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Passive Smoking Affects Endothelium and Platelets

Cited by 132 publications

References 20 publications

Short‐Term E‐Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice

Short‐Term E‐Cigarette Exposure Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis and Enhances Platelet Function in Mice

Do electronic cigarettes impart a lower potential disease burden than conventional tobacco cigarettes?: Review on e-cigarette vapor versus tobacco smoke

Secondhand Smoke Is an Important Modifiable Risk Factor in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review of the Current Literature and Areas for Future Research

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