Passive smoking and 20-year cardiovascular disease mortality among nonsmoking wives, Evans County, Georgia.

Humble, Charles G.; Croft, Janet B.; Gerber, Ann M.; Casper, Michele; Hames, Curtis G.; Tyroler, H. A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.80.5.599

Cited by 80 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Tobacco smoking has a pressing effect on the vessels, resulting in the development of arterial hypertension. Results of meta-analyses performed by several independent research centres have revealed a connection between passive smoking and CVD [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Low level of physical activity was the next problem in the population examined in our study; 46% of the participants (42% men and 54% women) did not practise any kind of physical activity during leisure time.…”

Section: Psychological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Work-related risk factors of myocardial infarction

Bortkiewicz

Gadzicka²,

Siedlecka³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out which occupational factors account for the risk of the myocardial infarction. Material and Methods: A questionnaire survey was performed during the period of one calendar year in all patients (1053 subjects, 692 men and 361 women) hospitalized at the Medical University of Łódź because of the first myocardial infarction. The questionnaire was prepared especially for the purpose of this study and consisted of two parts. The first part comprised: demographic data, health status at admittance, traditional risk factors for the ischaemic heart disease and was filled-in by physicians. Part II was done by occupational hygiene specialists and referred to education, job title and characteristics, employment data, self assessment of work-related and general stress, fatigue, socio-economic status, physical activity, alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, dietary habits. Results: Mean age in the study group was 59.9±10.4 years (26-85 years), 58.7±10.0 (26-84 years) for men and 62.3±10.7 (32-85 years) for women, employment duration was 32.9±8.8 (4-65 years), for men 34.0±8.6 (5-65 years), for women 30.7±8.8 (4-60 years. Most of myocardial infarction cases both in the group of men and women were noted in the age interval 56-60 years, 22.3% vs. 17.4%, respectively. The majority of examined men were farmers, low and middle management and self-employed workers. Among women prevailed clerks, seamstresses and farmers. The most frequent occupational risk factors were: work-related stress, experienced by 54.2% of the examined subjects, occupational noise (45,5%), dust (41,7%) and various chemical factors (33%). A majority of the study group (76.5% women and 54.4% men) linked the cardiac infarction with stress, while 39.1% men vs. 16.5% women correlated it with physical effort. Conclusion: Our studies indicate that, among a wide spectrum of occupational factors, stress, noise and fine particulate dust are major contributors to the increased risk of myocardial infarction.

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Section: Psychological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Work-related risk factors of myocardial infarction

Bortkiewicz

Gadzicka²,

Siedlecka³

et al. 2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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“…To ensure completeness, we reviewed published and unpublished studies of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and/or death from ischemic heart disease (IHD) among lifelong nonsmokers whose potential ETS exposure was defined by the smoking status of the spouses. Ultimately we included nine cohort (3,4,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) and eight case-control (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) studies in the overview. Two of the cohort studies (3,4) and three case-control studies (20)(21)(22) were new since OSHA last summarized the literature (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spousal environmental tobacco smoke and coronary heart disease: case-control studies (listed by first author). Hirayama, 1984 (6) Svendsen, 1987 (9) Butler, 1988 (spouse-pairs) (10) Butler, 1988 (AHSMOG men) (10) Butler, 1988 (AHSMOG women) (10) SandIer, 1989 (men) ( 11) SandIer, 1989 (women) (11) Hole, 1989 (12) Humble, 1990 (13) Steenland, 1996 (men) (3) Steenland, 1996 (women) (3) Kawachi, 1997 (4) Time I (3,4,9,12,13,18,22), four showed an increase in the RR estimate when adjusted for multiple factors besides age (9,12,13,22), whereas three showed a decrease in the RR (3,4,18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concern about confounding is further reduced by the results of five other studies that show both age-adjusted and multivariate RR estimates for CHD associated with spousal smoking (3,12,13,18,22). In three of these studies the RR estimate increased after multivariate adjustment (12,13,22); in the remaining two (3,18), the RR estimate decreased slightly, as it did in the Nurses' Health Study (4 (42).…”

Section: Confoundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiologic Studies of Fatal and Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease and ETS Exposure from Spousal Smoking

Thun¹,

Henley²,

Apicella³

1999

Environmental Health Perspectives

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This article reviews the epidemiologic studies of the association of ischemic heart disease risk and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure from a spouse who smokes. Seventeen studies (nine cohort, eight case-control) comprising more than 485,000 lifelong nonsmokers and 7,345 coronary heart disease (CHD) events were included in a meta-analysis. Together, these studies include 36% more CHD events and 58% more study subjects than were available for review by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1994. The relative risk (RR) for fatal or nonfatal coronary events among never smokers married to smokers, compared to those whose spouses did not smoke, was RR = 1.25 (95% confidence interval [95% Cl], 1.17-1.33) across the combined studies. This association was statistically similar in men (RR = 1.24; 95% Cl, 1.15-1.32) and women (RR = 1.23; 95% Cl, 1.15-1.32); in studies of cohort (RR = 1.23; 95% Cl, 1.15-1.31) and case-control (RR = 1.47; 95% Cl, 1.19-1.81) design; in the United States (RR =1.22; 95% Cl, 1.13-1.30) and other countries (RR = 1.41; 95% Cl, 1.21-1.65); and in studies of fatal (RR = 1.22; 95% Cl, 1.14-1.30) and nonfatal (RR = 1.32; 95% Cl, 1.04-1.67) heart disease. In three studies that presented data separately for nonsmokers married to current or former smokers, the association was stronger when the spouses continued to smoke (RR = 1.16, 1.06-1.28) than with former smokers (RR = 0.98; 95% Cl, 0.89-1.08). The aggregate data are unlikely to be attributable to chance, publication bias, confounding, or misclassification of exposure. The evidence linking heart disease and ETS exposure from a spouse has become substantially stronger since OSHA first proposed including heart disease in its risk assessment of ETS in 1994. Key words: environmental tobacco smoke, heart disease. -Environ Health Perspect 107(suppl 6):841-846 (1999). http.//ehpnetl.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/suppl6/84 1-846thun/abstract. html

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“…Smokers also face a much greater risk of premature death than non-smokers [4] [5]. Unfortunately, these health implications are not the exclusive preserve of active smokers but are also shared by passive or second-hand smokers [4], [6], [7]. There are suggestions based on research that smoking tends to cause cognitive decline and results in the loss of grey matter tissue in the brain with time [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of the Negative Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Health and Well-Being among Southern Nigerian Youth

Egbe¹,

Petersen²,

Meyer-Weitz³

2016

IJSSH

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Abstract-This mixed methods study investigates the knowledge of youth aged 18 to 24 years about the negative health effects of cigarette smoking. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 young smokers. Survey participants comprised 550 youth (irrespective of smoking status). Data was analyzed using the software Nvivo 9 and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Most young smokers recounted some health hazards associated with smoking but expressed a sense of invincibility to the hazards of smoking. Some resorted to reducing their daily consumption of cigarettes or taking cancer protective foods to avoid the health consequences of their smoking habit. Just over half of survey participants ( . %, = ) had a high knowledge level of the negative health effects of cigarette smoking. This was significantly higher among; non-smokers, females, students, respondents who had never smoked. There is need to raise more awareness in the population on the dangers of smoking.Index Terms-Cigarette, health and well-being, knowledge, Nigeria, youth.

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Passive smoking and 20-year cardiovascular disease mortality among nonsmoking wives, Evans County, Georgia.

Cited by 80 publications

References 15 publications

Work-related risk factors of myocardial infarction

Work-related risk factors of myocardial infarction

Epidemiologic Studies of Fatal and Nonfatal Cardiovascular Disease and ETS Exposure from Spousal Smoking

Knowledge of the Negative Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Health and Well-Being among Southern Nigerian Youth

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