Passive Thermal Management Using Phase Change Material (PCM) for EV and HEV Li ion Batteries

Al‐Hallaj, Said; Kizilel, Rıza; Lateef, Abdul; Sabbah, Rami; Farid, Mohammed; Selman, J. R.

doi:10.1109/vppc.2005.1554585

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The technology provides a compact and simple design for controlling battery temperature in Li-ion technology. Initial analysis and experiments on high energy Li-ion cells have shown that under normal operating conditions the graphite-PCM matrix keeps the temperatures of individual cells in a favorable range, similar to that achieved by air-cooling, with very good uniformity from cell to cell [6]. Moreover, if the module or pack is operated under stressful conditions, such as high current draw and high ambient temperature, the individual cells are kept at a lower and more uniform temperature than is possible by air-cooling [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An alternative cooling system to enhance the safety of Li-ion battery packs

Kizilel

Sabbah

Selman

et al. 2009

Journal of Power Sources

429

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A robust battery thermal management solution using PCM has been presented and demonstrated by our research group [3][4][5][6][7]. The technology provides a compact and simple design for controlling battery temperature in Li-ion technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative cooling system to enhance the safety of Li-ion battery packs

Kizilel

Sabbah

Selman

et al. 2009

Journal of Power Sources

429

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The battery cells are inserted into the PCM/graphite matrix structure as shown. It should be noted that the module's intended design was for PHEV and LEV applications and was not optimized for HEV applications [7].…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Management of Batteries in Advanced Vehicles Using Phase-Change Materials

Kim

Gonder

Lustbader

et al. 2008

WEVJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are promising technologies to help reduce the amount of petroleum consumed for transportation. In both HEVs and PHEVs, the battery pack is a key component to enabling their fuel savings potential. The battery is also one of the most expensive components in the vehicle. One of the most significant factors impacting both the performance and life of a battery is temperature. In particular, operating a battery at elevated temperatures reduces its life. It is therefore important to design and implement effective battery thermal management systems. This paper analyzes the suitability of phase-change material (PCM) for battery thermal management in HEV and PHEV systems. A prototype PCM/ graphite matrix module (that was not fully optimized for HEV applications) was evaluated experimentally under geometric and vehicle-simulation-based drive cycles. The results were used to validate a thermal model. The model was then used to explore the benefits and limitations of PCM thermal management. This study suggests that PCM can provide a peak-temperature-limiting benefit in vehicle applications, but the overall battery thermal management solution must rely on active cooling or on limiting the battery's power output (or both) to avoid high temperatures during continuous cycling. Ultimately, vehicle designers will need to weigh the potential increase in mass and cost associated with adding PCM to the thermal management system against the anticipated benefits: a smaller active cooling system, less need to limit battery power output in high-temperature conditions, and/or potentially reduced exposure to momentary or localized high cell temperatures.

show abstract

“…Electrification involves several technical challenges. Among them, the Thermal Management (TM) of the electric components is crucial for assuring safety, performance and durability requirements [2]. In this context, the high voltage (HV) battery pack is of first interest due to its high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The range recommended by the battery manufacturer (typically 20 • C-30 • C) is usually narrower than the vehicle operation range, which has to assure extreme hot (≈ 60 • C) and cold (≈ −25 • C) climates. To fix this temperature offset, several TM approaches exist in literature which can be divided according to the heat transfer medium used: air [5], [6], liquid or phase change material (PCM) [7], [2], [8]. The choice of the transfer medium depends on the vehicle topology and is finally a trade-off between performance, durability and costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Thermal Management in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Lopez-Sanz

Ocampo‐Martínez

Alvarez-Florez³

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-A nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for the thermal management (TM) of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) is presented. TM in PHEVs is crucial to ensure good components performance and durability in all possible climate scenarios. A drawback of accurate TM solutions is the higher electrical consumption due to the increasing number of low voltage (LV) actuators used in the cooling circuits. Hence, more complex control strategies are needed for minimizing components thermal stress and at the same time electrical consumption. In this context, NMPC arises as a powerful method for achieving multiple objectives in Multiple input-Multiple output systems.This paper proposes an NMPC for the TM of the High Voltage (HV) battery and the power electronics (PE) cooling circuit in a PHEV. It distinguishes itself from the previously NMPC reported methods in the automotive Copyright (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to use this material for any other purposes must be obtained from the IEEE by sending a request to pubspermissions@ieee.orgThe authors wish to acknowledge financial support from the Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC MCIA, Grant n SGR 2014-101).J. Lopez-Sanz and G. sector by the complexity of its controlled plant which is highly nonlinear and controlled by numerous variables. The implemented model of the plant, which is based on experimental data and multi-domain physical equations, has been validated using six different driving cycles logged in a real vehicle, obtaining a maximum error, in comparison with the real temperatures, of 2• C. For one of the six cycles, an NMPC software-in-the loop (SIL) is presented, where the models inside the controller and for the controlled plant are the same. This simulation is compared to the finite-state machine-based strategy performed in the real vehicle. The results show that NMPC keeps the battery at healthier temperatures and in addition reduces the cooling electrical consumption by more than 5%. In terms of the objective function, an accumulated and weighted sum of the two goals, this improvement amounts 30%. Finally, the online SIL presented in this paper, suggests that the used optimizer is fast enough for a future implementation in the vehicle.Index Terms-nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), thermal management, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), Li-ion battery cooling.

show abstract

Passive Thermal Management Using Phase Change Material (PCM) for EV and HEV Li ion Batteries

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

An alternative cooling system to enhance the safety of Li-ion battery packs

An alternative cooling system to enhance the safety of Li-ion battery packs

Thermal Management of Batteries in Advanced Vehicles Using Phase-Change Materials

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Thermal Management in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About