Passive zero-boil-off storage of liquid hydrogen for long-time space missions

Sun, Xi-wan; Guo, Zhen-yun; Huang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.184

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Currently, the space industry is an important user of LH 2 , with long duration storage of cryogenic hydrogen being essential in orbital transfer vehicles, the upper stages of rockets, and deep space exploration probes [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Boil-off is particularly important during atmospheric departure, where frictional drag forces result in substantial heat ingress into the containment vessel, thereby increasing vapor temperature and pressure [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

et al. 2022

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A model has been developed and implemented in the software package BoilFAST that allows for reliable calculations of the self-pressurization and boil-off losses for liquid hydrogen in different tank geometries and thermal insulation systems. The model accounts for the heat transfer from the vapor to the liquid phase, incorporates realistic heat transfer mechanisms, and uses reference equations of state to calculate thermodynamic properties. The model is validated by testing against a variety of scenarios using multiple sets of industrially relevant data for liquid hydrogen (LH2), including self-pressurization and densification data obtained from an LH2 storage tank at NASA’s Kennedy Space Centre. The model exhibits excellent agreement with experimental and industrial data across a range of simulated conditions, including zero boil-off in microgravity environments, self-pressurization of a stored mass of LH2, and boil-off from a previously pressurized tank as it is being relieved of vapor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

et al. 2022

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“…A lot of research on the use and storage of liquid hydrogen found today is still based on the aerospace industry. 78,[204][205][206][207] The largest problem with liquid hydrogen fuelling processes is the low temperature at which the fuelling process has to take place and the subsequent evaporation of liquid hydrogen. Specific insulation materials are required for the tank materials to keep the heat flux into the tank as low as possible.…”

Section: Bunkering Ease and On-board Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

Hoecke

Laffineur

Campe

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

224

107

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“…As a result, the spontaneous evaporation rate must be kept lower than the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell, in order to keep the system stable and not wasting hydrogen [28]. Liquid hydrogen is complicated to handle; indeed, boil-off losses can happen during both refueling and storage of liquid hydrogen [21,29]. In addition, the liquefaction process of hydrogen is energy intensive and expensive [30].…”

Section: Hydrogen Storage Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Including Heat Balance When Designing the Energy System of Fuel Cell-Powered AUVs

et al. 2021

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Fuel cell-powered Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) represent a growing area of research as fuel cells can increase their endurance. Fuel cells consume hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity. Typically, the fuel cell generates as much heat as electrical energy, and heat management becomes a crucial parameter when designing AUVs. For underwater applications, there is a need to store both gases and several types of storage units with different characteristics exist which have impacts on the energy density and heat behavior. This study aims at including the heat properties of the storage units in the design process of fuel cell-powered AUVs. A heat balance over the energy system of an AUV is calculated for each combination of hydrogen and oxygen storage units. In addition, a multi-criteria decision-making analysis is conducted, considering the calculated total heat, the specific energy, the energy density and the volumetric mass of each combination of storage units as criteria, enabling a comparison and ranking them using two objective criteria weighting methods. Results show that the fuel cell is the major contributor to the heat balance, and that the combinations of liquid oxygen with liquid or compressed hydrogen can be relevant and suitable for underwater applications.

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Passive zero-boil-off storage of liquid hydrogen for long-time space missions

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off

Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

Including Heat Balance When Designing the Energy System of Fuel Cell-Powered AUVs

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