Password strength verification based on machine learning algorithms and LSTM recurrent neural networks

Abstract

Objectives. One of the most commonly used authentication methods in computer systems, password authentication is susceptible to various attacks including brute-force and dictionary attacks. This susceptibility requires not only the strict protection of user credentials, but also the definition of criteria for increasing a password’s strength to minimize the possibility of its exploitation by an attacker. Thus, an important task is the development of a verifier for checking passwords for strength and prohibiting the user from setting passwords that are susceptible to cracking. The use of machine learning methods to construct a verifier involves algorithms for formulating requirements for password complexity based on lists of known passwords available for each strength category.Methods. The proposed supervised machine learning algorithms comprise support vector machines, random forest, boosting, and long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network types. Embedding and term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) methods are used for data preprocessing, while cross-validation is used for selecting hyperparameters.Results. Password strength recommendations and requirements from international and Russian standards are described. The existing methods of password strength verification in various operating systems are analyzed. The experimental results based on existing datasets comprising passwords having an associated level of strength are presented.Conclusions. A LSTM recurrent neural network is highlighted as one of the most promising areas for building a password strength verifier.

Reduction of cost and emissions by using recycling and waste management system

“…It is also assumed that 75% of the methane produced in the sanitary landfill is collected and electricity is produced by a power plant with an efficiency of 35%, and 10% of the uncollected methane gas is oxidized in the covering layer of the sanitary landfill and turns into carbon dioxide. (These assumptions are considered based on the standards and guidelines of the environmental organization) (Cudjoe and Acquah, 2021;Chen et al, 2022;Belikov and Prokuronov, 2023;Godinho et al, 2022). Therefore, only 22.5% of the methane produced in the landfill is directly discharged into the atmosphere.…”