Past and future of HIV infection. A document based on expert opinion

Bouza, Emilio

doi:10.37201/req/083.2021

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…Majority of the transmission of HIV-1 results from mucosal, while vaginal and rectal transmission is popular among the adult's infection. Oral ingestion of maternal fluids is the cause of pediatric HIV infections which occur through the oral mucosal and tonsils [2]. The last stage of HIV-1 is AIDS, which occurs when HIV combines with the genetic material of the cell and becomes active.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time detection of HIV-1 using an absorbance-based biosensor: a comparative study of surface coatings and antibody functionalization

Sekhwama,

Mpofu,

Mcoyi

et al. 2024

Optical Interactions With Tissue and Cells XXXV

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a severe infectious disease that has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Timely and accurate diagnosis of HIV-1 is crucial in reducing mortality rates associated with AIDS. In this study, we propose a real-time detection method for HIV-1 using an absorbance technique. Specifically, we compare the absorbance properties of three different biosensor surfaces: one coated with 10 nm titanium (Ti) the other coated with 50 nm gold (Au), and the other consisting of an uncoated glass slide. The gold-coated slide is preferred over the silver-coated slide because gold metal is considerably stable under testing conditions. In a quest to detect HIV-1, the glass, gold-coated and titanium-coated slides were successfully functionalized with relevant silanes (GMBS/3MPTS). To study the absorbance kinetics of the optical biosensor, we employ low-power light. As HIV-1 binds to the antibody on the surface, the binding interaction influences the absorbance of light as the sample passes through the functionalized surface. By monitoring the absorbance, we can deduce the capabilities of either Au, Ti, or Glass to detect the HIV-1 virus. By conducting this research, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of the Ti and Aucoated biosensor surface and consequently compare it to the uncoated glass slide on performance in detecting HIV-1 virus.The results provide insights into the performance of the biosensor with a specific metal for HIV-1 detection. This study contributes to the development of improved diagnostic tools for early HIV-1 diagnosis, ultimately aiding in the reduction of mortality rates associated with AIDS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time detection of HIV-1 using an absorbance-based biosensor: a comparative study of surface coatings and antibody functionalization

Sekhwama,

Mpofu,

Mcoyi

et al. 2024

Optical Interactions With Tissue and Cells XXXV

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“…Although sexual contact and needle sharing with infected persons account for major modes of HIV transmission, the possibility of occupational exposure to healthcare providers cannot be dismissed ( 8 , 9 ). In dental settings, the most prevalent ways for HIV to be spread are via needlestick injuries as well as through contact with contaminated fluids and splashes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentists and dental hygienists’ comprehension of HIV infection associated periodontal implications and management

Ahmed

2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundIn an era wherein, persuasive evidence continues to witness the association between systemic and periodontal diseases, the absence of scientific data on dental professionals’ comprehension concerning the HIV infection and periodontal link is lamentably backward. Thus, the key objective of this research is to ascertain the extent of comprehension possessed by dentists and dental hygienists concerning periodontal implications and their management in HIV patients.MethodsIt is a quantitative cross-sectional survey employing a descriptive approach focusing on a specific cohort of dental professionals. The study setting featured an online platform for the distribution of concealed, closed-ended, structured questionnaire. The data was gathered for four sections: six comprehension statements about periodontal manifestations in HIV patients; fifteen comprehension statements about HIV patients’ periodontal management; eight familiarity statements about HIV management; and two educational statements about HIV. The comparisons of comprehension scores were drawn between variables such as specialties, age groups, and genders.ResultsThe survey represented 468 dental professionals representing distinct dental specialties, with a mean age of 24.26 ± 7.53 years. The mean comprehension score for all groups of participants is 10.31 ± 9.34 (33.25%). The highest scores were recorded among those aged 31–40 (20.67 ± 8.31), followed by those aged 40+ (19.38 ± 9.39), 20–30 (9.53 ± 8.96), and under 20 (8.92 ± 8.57), at p < 0.001. The female participants (15.06 ± 12.2) exhibited substantially better scores in contrast to the male participants (8.74 ± 7.57). Periodontists (27.77 ± 3.08) comprehended most, then the oral medicine practitioners (25 ± 0). Dental hygiene students (5.52 ± 3.56) and hygienists (7.67 ± 9.72) comprehended the least. The scores for all four domains assessed were disappointingly low: knowledge about HIV-periodontal manifestations (2.81 ± 2.18), knowledge about management of periodontal diseases in HIV patients (3.73 ± 4.7), familiarity with periodontal care in HIV patients (2.87 ± 3.01), and education received about HIV and periodontal diseases (0.91 ± 0.66).ConclusionDental professionals are notably incomprehensive, unfamiliar, and lacking in expertise in the realm of periodontal facets of HIV. The periodontists and oral medicine practitioners showed a substantial amount of comprehension, while the dental hygiene students and dental hygienists presented a conspicuously inadequate level of comprehension. The study outcome could potentially serve as an invaluable instrument for self-assessment by dental professionals and educators. HIV/AIDS ought not to persist as an unspoken taboo or disregarded subject within the dental field, particularly in periodontics, but rather should receive prominence in dental schools and professional development programs.

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“…The mortality rate due to AIDS has decreased. Now, there is greater availability of treatments with fewer adverse effects, and other prevention strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), among other factors that favor their quality of life and well-being, it is evident that social stigmas continue to be present today (3,4) . Such stigmas can be defined as attitudes, feelings, beliefs, and behaviors that arise from prejudice and lead to discrimination against a person, affecting their social, work, and family dynamics and, in turn, creating a barrier to access to health services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social stigmas towards people living with HIV in the Sars-CoV-2 vaccination process

Fernández-Silva¹,

Hernández-Pérez²,

Vidal³

2022

Univ. Salud

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Introduction: Social stigmas in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have been part of their history and can still be identified in today's care environments. Objective: To analyze the social stigmas in relation to the care of people living with HIV by those who provide the anti Sars-CoV-2 vaccination service. Materials and methods: A descriptive quantitative research were developed that included a census sample of 126 people. The scale of social stigma in the care of people with HIV/AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) was applied. The information was analyzed through SPSS version 25. Results: Most of the participants reported not knowing people with HIV, but they have been treated as users (54%) and considered that they are discriminated (88.1%). Although a low level of stigma was evidenced (71.4%), these are present in 85.7%. Having had contact as a user with people with HIV was associated with the level of stigma (p=0.008). Conclusions: It is necessary to promote training in which the complexity of the phenomenon is addressed and aspects such as social stigmas are identified, incorporating the biopsychosocial paradigm together with a gender perspective in favor of the comprehensive provision of care.

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Past and future of HIV infection. A document based on expert opinion

Cited by 7 publications

References 116 publications

Real-time detection of HIV-1 using an absorbance-based biosensor: a comparative study of surface coatings and antibody functionalization

Real-time detection of HIV-1 using an absorbance-based biosensor: a comparative study of surface coatings and antibody functionalization

Dentists and dental hygienists’ comprehension of HIV infection associated periodontal implications and management

Social stigmas towards people living with HIV in the Sars-CoV-2 vaccination process

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