Past and Present Environmental Control and Life Support Systems on Manned Spacecraft

Diamant, Bryce L.; Humphries, W. R.

doi:10.4271/901210

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Until Skylab no in-flight water monitoring technologies had been incorporated into US spacecraft [192,193]. Although far from ideal, this was primarily possible due to the relatively short duration missions and lack of requirement for re-use of the launched water.…”

Section: Other Space-based Ion-selective Sensor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-Specific Nutrient Management in Closed Systems: The Necessity for Ion-Selective Sensors in Terrestrial and Space-Based Agriculture and Water Management Systems

Bamsey

Graham

Thompson

et al. 2012

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to monitor and control plant nutrient ions in fertigation solutions, on an ion-specific basis, is critical to the future of controlled environment agriculture crop production, be it in traditional terrestrial settings (e.g., greenhouse crop production) or as a component of bioregenerative life support systems for long duration space exploration. Several technologies are currently available that can provide the required measurement of ion-specific activities in solution. The greenhouse sector has invested in research examining the potential of a number of these technologies to meet the industry's demanding requirements, and although no ideal solution yet exists for on-line measurement, growers do utilize technologies such as high-performance liquid chromatography to provide off-line measurements. An analogous situation exists on the International Space Station where, technological solutions are sought, but currently on-orbit water quality monitoring is considerably restricted. This paper examines the specific advantages that on-line ion-selective sensors could provide to plant production systems both terrestrially and when utilized in space-based biological life support systems and how similar technologies could be applied to nominal on-orbit water quality monitoring. A historical development and technical review of the various ion-selective monitoring technologies is provided.

show abstract

Section: Other Space-based Ion-selective Sensor Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-Specific Nutrient Management in Closed Systems: The Necessity for Ion-Selective Sensors in Terrestrial and Space-Based Agriculture and Water Management Systems

Bamsey

Graham

Thompson

et al. 2012

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Carbon dioxide was scrubbed from the core module atmosphere using lithium hydroxide beds. [5] Trace contaminant control capabilities were significantly upgraded with the addition of the Kvant-1 module. The upgraded trace contaminant control system in the Kvant-1 module consisted of four separate beds: a non-regenerable, activated charcoal pre-filter, two regenerable, activated charcoal filters, and an ambient temperature catalyst canister.…”

Section: Trace Contaminant Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cabin Air Quality on Board Mir and the International Space Station - A Comparison

Macatangay

Perry

2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The maintenance of the cabin atmosphere aboard spacecraft is critical not only to its habitability but also to its function. Ideally, air quality can be maintained by striking a proper balance between the generation and removal of contaminants. Both very dynamic processes, the balance between generation and removal can be difficult to maintain and control because the state of the cabin atmosphere is in constant evolution responding to different perturbations. Typically, maintaining a clean cabin environment on board crewed spacecraft and space habitats is the central function of the environmental control and life support (ECLS) system. While active air quality control equipment is deployed on board every vehicle to remove carbon dioxide, water vapor, and trace chemical components from the cabin atmosphere, perturbations associated with logistics, vehicle construction and maintenance, and ECLS system configuration influence the resulting cabin atmospheric quality. The air-quality data obtained from the International Space Station (ISS) and NASA-Mir programs provides a wealth of information regarding the maintenance of the cabin atmosphere aboard long-lived space habitats. A comparison of the composition of the trace chemical contaminant load is presented. Correlations between ground-based and in-flight operations that influence cabin atmospheric quality are identified and discussed, and observations on cabin atmospheric quality during the NASA-Mir expeditions and the International Space Station are explored.

show abstract

“…Spacecraft have always been equipped with fire extinguishers as protection against spreading fires [61]. In the Mercury and Gemini spacecraft, a water gun used for food reconstitution was designated for the secondary purpose of an emergency fire extinguisher [62].…”

Section: Status Of Fire Suppression On Spacecraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Safety in the Low-Gravity Spacecraft Environment

Friedman

1999

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research in microgravity (low-gravity) combustion promises innovations and improvements in fire prevention and response for human-crew spacecraft. Findings indicate that material flammability and fire spread in microgravity are significantly affected by atmospheric flow rate, oxygen concentration, and diluent composition. This information can lead to modifications and correlations to standard material-assessment tests for prediction of fire resistance in space. Research on smoke-particle changes in microgravity promises future improvements and increased sensitivity of smoke detectors in spacecraft. Research on fire suppression by extinguishing agents and venting can yield new information on effective control of the rare, but serious fire events in spacecraft.

show abstract

Past and Present Environmental Control and Life Support Systems on Manned Spacecraft

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Ion-Specific Nutrient Management in Closed Systems: The Necessity for Ion-Selective Sensors in Terrestrial and Space-Based Agriculture and Water Management Systems

Ion-Specific Nutrient Management in Closed Systems: The Necessity for Ion-Selective Sensors in Terrestrial and Space-Based Agriculture and Water Management Systems

Cabin Air Quality on Board Mir and the International Space Station - A Comparison

Fire Safety in the Low-Gravity Spacecraft Environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About