Past climate changes over South Korea during MIS3 and MIS1 and their links to regional and global climate changes

Park, Sujeong; Lim, Jaesoo; Lim, Hyoun Soo

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.04.004

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Consequently, the increase in anthropogenic heat as a result of the increased population and the adverse changes in land use brought upon by the increased number of infrastructure substantially modulate Seoul's natural climate, making it susceptible to human-induced temperature changes. For instance, the KMA estimates that the average summer temperature in Korea has increased by 0.7˚C over the last 30 years [35]. Strong surface and tropospheric warming around the Korean peninsula are also supported by aerial observations [38].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Seoul is located at a longitude of 126.59˚E and latitude of 37.34˚N, which ultimately falls in the central-western part of the Korean peninsula. It experiences a humid continental and subtropical climate with relatively high annual precipitation levels owing to the summer monsoons that are prevalent in East Asia and a mid-range, mean annual temperature of approximately 24˚C [35]. Over the last 40 years, South Korea's level of urbanization has increased at an alarming rate from 18.4% in the early fifties to 86.2% in the early two thousand and has continued to grow ever since [36].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed and land use characteristics

et al. 2020

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The effects of heat waves (HW) are more pronounced in urban areas than in rural areas due to the additive effect of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. However, the synergies between UHI and HW are still an open scientific question and have only been quantified for a few metropolitan cities. In the current study, we explore the synergies between UHI and HW in Seoul city. We consider summertime data from two non-consecutive years (i.e., 2012 and 2016) and ten automatic weather stations. Our results show that UHI is more intense during HW periods than non-heat wave (NHW) periods (i.e., normal summer background conditions), with a maximum UHI difference of 3.30°C and 4.50°C, between HW and NHW periods, in 2012 and 2016 respectively. Our results also show substantial variations in the synergies between UHI and HW due to land use characteristics and synoptic weather conditions; the synergies were relatively more intense in densely built areas and under low wind speed conditions. Our results contribute to our understanding of thermal risks posed by HW in urban areas and, subsequently, the health risks on urban populations. Moreover, they are of significant importance to emergency relief providers as a resource allocation guideline, for instance, regarding which areas and time of the day to prioritize during HW periods in Seoul.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed and land use characteristics

et al. 2020

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“…The geographical setting of SMA extended by northing from 4,170,478.01 to 4,142,707.68 m, and easting from 302,905.38 to 338,355.11 m according to the WGS1984 UTM (52N) projected coordinate system, as shown in Figure 1. The SMA features a humid, continental, and subtropical climate with average annual precipitation of nearly 1450 mm, and more than 60% of precipitation during the summer season (from June to August) because of the influence of East Asian summer monsoon [42]. The mean temperature of the SMA is 24.2 • C in the summer season [42].…”

Section: Study Area: Seoul Metropolitan Area Republic Of Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SMA features a humid, continental, and subtropical climate with average annual precipitation of nearly 1450 mm, and more than 60% of precipitation during the summer season (from June to August) because of the influence of East Asian summer monsoon [42]. The mean temperature of the SMA is 24.2 • C in the summer season [42]. The SMA is one of the highly populated cities in the world and around 21.5% (nearly 11 million) of the country's total population lives in [43].…”

Section: Study Area: Seoul Metropolitan Area Republic Of Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Process of Surface Urban Heat Island in Rapidly Growing Seoul Metropolitan Area for Sustainable Urban Planning Using Landsat Data (1996–2017)

Priyankara

Ranagalage

Dissanayake

et al. 2019

Climate

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The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is an important research topic in the scholarly community. There are only few research studies related to the UHI in the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA). Therefore, this study examined the impact of urbanization on the formation of UHI in the SMA as a geospatial study by using Landsat data from 1996, 2006, and 2017. For this purpose, we analyzed the relative variation of land surface temperature (LST) with changes of land use/land cover (LULC) rather than absolute values of LST using gradient, intensity, and directional analyses. It was observed that the impervious surface (IS) has expanded, and the UHI effect was more penetrating in the study area, with considerable loss of other LULC including green surfaces along with the rapid urbanization of the study area. In this study, we divided the IS into persistent IS (PIS) and newly added IS (NAIS). The spatial distribution of the IS, forest surface (FS), PIS, and NAIS was observed based on gradient zones (GZs). The results show that GZ1 recorded a difference of 6.0 °C when compared with the GZ109 in 2017. The results also show that the city center was warmer than the surrounding areas during the period of study. Results reveal that the mean LST has a strong significant positive relationship with a fraction of IS and PIS in 2006 and 2017. On other hand, the mean LST has a strong negative relationship with a fraction of FS and NAIS in the same time points. Relatively low temperatures were recorded in FS and NAIS in both time points. Further, it was proved that the local climate of the SMA and its surroundings had been affected by the UHI effect. Therefore, urban planners of the SMA should seriously consider the issue and plan to mitigate the effect by improving the green surfaces of the city. More greening-oriented concepts are recommended in both horizontal and vertical directions of the SMA, that can be used to control the negative impact associated with UHI. The overall outputs of the study could be used as a proxy indicator for the sustainability of the SMA and its surroundings.

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“…herbs) grown on lowland areas and the understory of mountain forests during MIS 3 of the last glacial period (Lim et al, 2011(Lim et al, , 2013Park et al, 2019). Park et al (2019) reported an epoch (ca. 37-39k cal a BP) with lower δ 13 C TOC values (Fig.…”

Section: Vegetation Around Maedun Cave During Mis 3 (Ca 40-30k Cal a Bp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study of natural environmental change and its impact on early Late Paleolithic people in the northeast central Korean Peninsula during Marine Istope Stage 3 (40–30k cal a bp)

Han

Oh³

et al. 2021

J Quaternary Science

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We comprehensively analyzed sediments obtained from an archeological excavation. A trench sediment profile of Maedun Cave (MC), South Korea, was analyzed geoarchaeologically. Multi-proxy analyses (palynomorphs, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, animal bones and artifacts) reflected the vegetation, hydroclimate and lives of prehistoric people at Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (ca. 40-30k cal a BP) in the early Late Paleolithic. The palynoflora consisted of pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs. Under the air-circulation system in the cave, anemophilous pollen flowed in during the day, whereas waterborne pollen and spores, and freshwater algae, were transported by flooding during the summer monsoon rainy season. Mixed conifer and deciduous broad-leaved forest with an understory of pteridophytes flourished around the north-east central Korean Peninsula during MIS 3. Freshwater algae and grass pollen records may reflect precipitation intensity. It is assumed that they had flowed in during flooding caused by high precipitation during the enhanced East Asian summer monsoon, corresponding to Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events 5 and 8 of δ 18 O GISP2 and Hulu Cave. The prehistoric people hunted herbivorous animals in the area around MC and sheltered inside it seasonally. They also used the grains of oats growing near the dwelling as a source of food.

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Past climate changes over South Korea during MIS3 and MIS1 and their links to regional and global climate changes

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed and land use characteristics

Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed and land use characteristics

Spatial Process of Surface Urban Heat Island in Rapidly Growing Seoul Metropolitan Area for Sustainable Urban Planning Using Landsat Data (1996–2017)

A preliminary study of natural environmental change and its impact on early Late Paleolithic people in the northeast central Korean Peninsula during Marine Istope Stage 3 (40–30k cal a bp)

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