Past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (<i>Quercus suber</i>) in the Iberian Peninsula: a pollen‐analytical approach

Carrión, José S.; Parra, Isabel Hidalgo; Navarro, Carmen María Gómez; Munuera, Manuel

doi:10.1046/j.1472-4642.2000.00070.x

Cited by 72 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Reviewing the available palynological data for southern Iberia, Carrión et al (2000) confirmed the presence of sclerophylous Quercus-dominated assemblages since the mid-Holocene. Interestingly enough, the floristic composition of those communities matches present-day Q. suber forests (Ojeda et al 1995.…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Pérez-Latorre 1996, Lourenço et al 1998, our own data). These thickets of shrub forest, which survive solely in land adjacent to montados (streamside tracts of land, stony uncultivated areas, quickset hedges), confirm that the monospecific cork-holm oak ecosystems are a result of human intervention (Joffre et al 1999, Carrión et al 2000. In the absence of human intervention, and given that the ecosystem still holds some resilience, the tree and shrub layers of montados will probably become more diverse.…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It is a highly diverse system (De Miguel 1999, Carrión et al 2000; tree cover does not follow a uniform pattern, as it usually results from natural regeneration, and the varying tree density suggests that these human-made agro-ecosystems have adjusted to local climate (Joffre et al 1999). Shrubs sprout frequently (e.g., Cistus, Erica, Lavandula, and Ulex ssp.…”

Section: Geral Das Florestas 2001)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature vs. Nurture: the Making of the Montado Ecosystem

Pereira¹,

Fonseca²

2003

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ABSTRACT. The southern Iberian Peninsula is dominated by a savannah-like ecosystem, the montado, which is a typically Mediterranean cultural adaptation to generally poor productive areas. Montados are exploited for three main uses: forestry, agriculture, and extensive grazing, in proportions that vary according to local conditions (more or less productive land) and historical circumstances. Because these ecosystems occur over a large geographic area (they occupy some 6 million ha), biodiversity would be expected to vary among montados. However, differences in management practices may also influence species distribution. In this paper, we investigate differences in plant and bird species diversity among 60 montados distributed all across southern Portugal. The environmental variables studied included geographical coordinates, climatological data, soil type, and altitude. We also investigated agro-economic variables that could describe human activities at each site: animal husbandry (breeds, stock density, grazing rotation, etc.), agriculture (fallow rotation frequency, use of fertilizers, etc.), and forestry (cork harvesting, thinning, etc.). Finally, land-use type and metrics were assessed from rectified aerial photographs. Species richness among these two groups was not correlated, sites with high or low numbers of plant species not necessarily having high or low numbers of bird species. However, both plant and bird communities exhibited a similar pattern of species composition and turnover. This pattern was ecologically based, rather than a result of biological similarities between groups: direct gradient analyses and variance partitioning revealed strong correlations between species distribution and spatial gradients, namely longitude and latitude. In trying to distinguish anthropogenic from biophysical processes, we found that both were equally important as drivers of montado biodiversity. Plants and birds exhibited a similar ecological pattern, although environmental conditions were slightly more important in the case of plants, and human activities were slightly more important in the case of birds.

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Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Geral Das Florestas 2001)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature vs. Nurture: the Making of the Montado Ecosystem

Pereira¹,

Fonseca²

2003

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“…This climate is characterised by high summer temperatures, mild winters, copious rainfall (optimal 600-800 mm) and short periods of drought [29]. The presence of cork oak in dry areas is related to the mitigating effect of high atmospheric humidity [30].…”

Section: A Brief Description Of the Cork Oak Forest Ecology And Managmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forty-Four Years of Land Use Changes in a Sardinian Cork Oak Agro- Silvopastoral System: A Qualitative Analysis

Sedda¹,

Delogu²,

Dettori³

2011

TOFSCIJ

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Abstract:The island of Sardinia is the biggest producer of natural cork in Italy. In this study, cork oak cover change is investigated in a typical agro-silvopastoral system where the main activities are cereal fodder and wheat cultivation, sheep rearing and cork exploitation.The research method is based on the comparison of two land use maps produced by photo-interpretation of digitised aerial photographs taken in 1954 and 1998, combined with interviews with local farmers, field surveys, and data collected from literature, administrative documentation and decadal censuses (at council level).The results show that the cork oak woodland surface decreased (-29%). It was substituted by other forest, ploughed land, and mixed grassland and shrubland. Apart from the transformation of the cork oak woodland to other forest, other changes have happened probably because of an increase in agricultural and pastoral activities as described by the documental material available for the same area.

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“…Muchos otros autores suscriben esta misma opinión e interpretan esas pequeñas poblaciones dispersas de alcornoques que aparecen por todo el territorio peninsular, incluso en la costa cantábrica, como restos de una primitiva área continua o al menos mucho más amplia (Ceballos y Ruiz de la Torre, 1971;Montoya, 1988;Costa Tenorio et al, 1997;Carrión et al, 2000).…”

Section: La Potencialidad De Los Alcornocalesunclassified

Predicción de la potencialidad de los bosques esclerófilos españoles mediante redes neuronales artificiales

Garzón¹,

Ruiz²,

Dios³

et al. 2003

GRAELLSIA

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RESUMENEncinares y alcornocales son dos de las formaciones esclerófilas más importantes de la Iberia mediterránea. Para conocer cual es su potencialidad en el territorio español se ha empleado un modelo generado mediante redes neuronales artificiales con un algoritmo de retropropagación de errores que conduce la información siempre hacia delante. Las variables bioclimáticas empleadas como predictores son: altitud, continentalidad, insolación, precipitación total, temperatura media anual, temperatura media de las mínimas del mes más frío y temperatura media de las máximas del mes más cálido, con una resolución de 10 km. Las redes neuronales se perfilan como una herramienta de gran poder predictivo. Se aprecian patrones de respuesta diferente para las formaciones estudiadas. Mientras que para la encina se simula un área potencial continua y extensa, para el alcornoque se obtiene un área fragmentada y restringida, que se ajusta bastante a su presencia actual. La principal discrepancia del modelo presentado con esquemas de vegetación potencial anteriores radica en la ausencia de encinares y alcornocales en zonas térmicas del Levante y sur peninsular. Palabras clave: vegetación potencial, redes neuronales artificiales, Quercus ilex, Quercus suber, encina, alcornoque ABSTRACT Predicting spanish sclerophyllous forests potentiality using artificial neural networksHolm oak and cork oak forests are between the most important sclerophyllous formations in the Mediterranean Iberia. In order to study their potentiality, an artificial neural network model, with a feedforward BP algorithm, has been applied. The elevation, continentality, insolation, annual rainfall, annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the coldest month and mean temperature of the warmest month are the used bioclimatic variables with a 10 km resolution. The neural networks seem a highly predictive powerful tool. Different patterns in the response of the studied forests have been shown. The holm oak presents a continuous and wide potential simulate range. Meanwhile the cork oak potential area is fragmented and restricted, in accordance with its actual distribution area. The lack of both forests in the eastern and southern warm zones of Iberian Peninsula is the main discrepancy with previous potential vegetation proposals.

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Past distribution and ecology of the cork oak (Quercus suber) in the Iberian Peninsula: a pollen‐analytical approach

Cited by 72 publications

References 28 publications

Nature vs. Nurture: the Making of the Montado Ecosystem

Nature vs. Nurture: the Making of the Montado Ecosystem

Forty-Four Years of Land Use Changes in a Sardinian Cork Oak Agro- Silvopastoral System: A Qualitative Analysis

Predicción de la potencialidad de los bosques esclerófilos españoles mediante redes neuronales artificiales

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