Past, Present and Future Climate of Antarctica

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Anthropogenic warming of near-surface atmosphere in the last 50 years is dominant over the west Antarctic Peninsula. Ozone depletion has led to partly cooling of the stratosphere. The positive polarity of the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) index and its enhancement over the past 50 years ha</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">ve</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> intensified the westerlies over the Southern Ocean, and induced warming of Antarctic Peninsula. Dictated by local ocean-atmosphere processes and remote forcing, the Antarctic sea ice extent is increasing, contrary to climate model predictions for the 21st century, and this increase has strong regional and seasonal signatures. Models incorporating doubling of present day CO</span>_{<span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">2</span>}<span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> predict warming of the Antarctic sea ice zone, a reduction in sea ice cover, and warming of the Antarctic Plateau, accompanied by increased snowfall.</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> </p

Chemical composition and trajectories of atmospheric particles at the Machu Picchu Peruvian Antarctic scientific station (62.09º S, 58.47º W)

“…For these reasons, among others, there is an increasing historical interest in scientific research on the Antarctic region in addition to international geopolitical agreements. The fate of its ice sheets plays a dominant role in climate regulation (Luis, 2013;Kennicutt et al, 2019).…”