Abstract:In these last decades, especially after the Russia–Ukraine war, the impact of energy related to issues, such as energy poverty, energy transition, and energy security have been heavily debated. To comprehend the conceptual development of this subject in the academic literature, few studies tackle the problems above by reviewing earlier research on the subject. Inspired by this interest and literature ago in this field, this study aimed to address the past, present, and future advancements of critical issues in… Show more
“…Based on the previous research [78,79] and on the present review, six critical issues related to the energy topic can be declared: renewable energy and transition; technological advancements; energy efficiency; energy security; energy poverty and socio-economic aspects; and environmental sustainability. Therefore, the transition to renewable energy involves replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources.…”
Today’s energy challenges are multifaceted. Over the past 30–40 years, energy issues have been discussed and published on an extensive scale. The green transition involves concrete actions related to increasing energy efficiency, replacing fossil fuels with alternative fuels, producing energy using renewable resources, creating various means of transport that use electric motors, identifying technical solutions that generate an increased energy yield in the case of buildings, and waste reduction, reuse and recycling. In order to attain a climate-neutral environment, it is mandatory to impose regulations, measures and actions to help decarbonize the energy sector. The analysis of published articles on these issues is the subject of this large and information-dense review. Concretely, the transition to climate neutrality will generate obvious advantages at an economic, social and technological level, for example, the opportunity for economic growth, new business models and new markets, and the generation of new jobs or technological development. At the same time, this paper underscores the need for a multifaceted approach, integrating technological innovation, policy intervention and global cooperation for an effective energy transformation. The review suggests future issues and research directions, focusing on viable strategies for energy transition and its socio-economic environmental impacts.
“…Based on the previous research [78,79] and on the present review, six critical issues related to the energy topic can be declared: renewable energy and transition; technological advancements; energy efficiency; energy security; energy poverty and socio-economic aspects; and environmental sustainability. Therefore, the transition to renewable energy involves replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources.…”
Today’s energy challenges are multifaceted. Over the past 30–40 years, energy issues have been discussed and published on an extensive scale. The green transition involves concrete actions related to increasing energy efficiency, replacing fossil fuels with alternative fuels, producing energy using renewable resources, creating various means of transport that use electric motors, identifying technical solutions that generate an increased energy yield in the case of buildings, and waste reduction, reuse and recycling. In order to attain a climate-neutral environment, it is mandatory to impose regulations, measures and actions to help decarbonize the energy sector. The analysis of published articles on these issues is the subject of this large and information-dense review. Concretely, the transition to climate neutrality will generate obvious advantages at an economic, social and technological level, for example, the opportunity for economic growth, new business models and new markets, and the generation of new jobs or technological development. At the same time, this paper underscores the need for a multifaceted approach, integrating technological innovation, policy intervention and global cooperation for an effective energy transformation. The review suggests future issues and research directions, focusing on viable strategies for energy transition and its socio-economic environmental impacts.
“…It offers an enormous capacity to make use of and contribute not only to environmental protection but also to health, comfort, and economic growth [31][32][33][34]. European regulations aim not only to reduce the negative externalities on the environment through the energy transition but also to ensure a fair path for consumers and local communities that will both ensure jobs and reduce the risk of energy poverty considering price fluctuations in the context of renewable energies but also the geopolitical situation on the continent [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. What was once considered waste can be transformed into a valuable resource.…”
The cement-based mixture market or dry mix for the ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System) is a highly competitive market and it is becoming increasingly difficult to comply with European sustainability specifications such as the development of products with a lower carbon footprint, lighter and less energy-intensive materials, lower environmental impacts, the option of recycling, etc. This market plays a highly important role in the construction sector, not only for the technical solutions and green innovation it offers but also for the aesthetic aspects. Since 2005, this market has been growing by more than 20% per year, which makes it increasingly attractive with better opportunities. However, this increase has been reduced not only by the crisis of 2007–2008 but also by the pandemic of recent years. The use of cement type CEM II, 42.5R, B-LL, together with a modified RDP ratio, has visibly improved the properties of the thermal insulation system through the adhesion of the EPS boards, the modulus of elasticity, wear resistance, flexibility, and impact resistance. Our research results as green innovation products are above the minimum values agreed by the ETICS standards; in addition, this product has in its formulation a 30% lower carbon footprint compared to any other adhesive in the construction market applied for ETICS systems; therefore, we are talking about a sustainable and clean product, suitable for rehabilitations and ecological constructions adjusted to the European policies of carbon footprint reduction.
“…New theories have been proposed to bridge this gap. , An economy’s access to domestic and imported energy resources can be a limiting factor in its energy transition. Numerous researchers have studied this issue of energy security. − Results show that diversification of energy sources, reducing energy demand, and adoption of renewable energies are key to an economy’s energy security. Energy policies tend to regulate the speed of energy transition of an economy.…”
A longitudinal study on per capita CO 2 emissions of 164 economies over four decades shows that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between per capita CO 2 emissions and per capita gross domestic product (GDP), as proposed by the environmental Kuznets curve. In general, an economy goes through three stages of energy transition based on its per capita GDP. When an economy's per capita GDP is less than $7000, change in per capita CO 2 emission exceeds or tracks the change in per capita GDP. When an economy's per capita GDP is between $7000 and $24,000, per capita CO 2 emission either tracks or lags behind per capita GDP. When an economy's per capita GDP exceeds $25,000, its per capita CO 2 emission is decoupled from per capita GDP and even decrease. Furthermore, the evolution of energy mix of an economy can be displayed in a ternary diagram, with coal, oil-andgas, and renewable and nuclear energies (REN) at the apexes. Results show that an economy's energy mix generally follows the trend going from coal-dominated to oiland-gas-dominated and then REN-dominated. However, the rate of change in energy mix is slow and is less than one percent point per year for many economies, and therefore, relying solely on REN to replace fossil fuels to achieve net zero by 2050 is impractical. Other options including carbon capture and storage will be needed. An energy mix index is introduced, which can be used to track an economy's progress toward replacing fossil fuels by REN for primary energy consumption.
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