Past, present and future of atomic clocks for GNSS

Jaduszliwer, B.; Camparo, J. C.

doi:10.1007/s10291-020-01059-x

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is worth noting the recent developments of ion-based compact high-performance clocks, and the developments of the rubidium pulsed clocks, and cold atom clocks for space-based navigation and scientific missions. 24,[42][43][44][45][46] The next section covers further details of the space based atomic clocks and overview of various navigation systems that contribute to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).…”

Section: Space Based Atomic Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Overview of Atomic Clocks and their Applications

Bandi

2023

BEMS Reports

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Time is ubiquitous, and integral to our everyday lives. Precise measurement of time intervals is basic to various activities humans are dependent up on, such as accurate positioning using satellite navigation, telecommunication, aviation, definition of International Time, secondary applications using positioning, military applications etc. Atomic clocks formulate the heart of precise time measurement and hence enable the positioning and navigation and niche time and frequency dependent technologies that we rely upon directly or otherwise. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of history of time measurement and evolution of clocks towards atomic clocks. It broadly covers various types of atomic clocks ranging from laboratory clocks to miniature commercial clocks along with the key applications with a focus on microwave atomic clocks (or frequency standards). Further, the satellite navigation systems operational around the globe by various countries and the types of clocks used for such navigation systems are briefly covered with a focus on the rubidium atomic frequency standard and other space clocks.

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Section: Space Based Atomic Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Overview of Atomic Clocks and their Applications

Bandi

2023

BEMS Reports

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“…The increased private usage of these systems -for example, the use of mobile devices with localization functions -makes it clear that GNSS as a leading provider of geolocation is a technology that has moved into many applications of daily life and is crucial for the functioning of modern societies (Dow et al, 2009; European GNSS Agency, 2021). The high relevance of the subject is often based on the advantages of GNSS technology: it is a freely accessible system that, in addition to the oftenemphasized time, position, or even navigation-related aspects, is also capable of providing information about the characteristics of any surface from which a signal has been reflected (see Jaduszliwer & Camparo, 2021). In conjunction with other possible application areas, including machine automation and surveying, this mapping leads to relevance in critical infrastructures, which are fundamental for the maintenance of societal functions, that cannot be neglected either (Aradau, 2010;Falletti et al, 2018;Thombre et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security that Matters: General Knowledge and Correlations in the Context of Applied Satellite Navigation, Specific Interference-Events and the Use of the GNSS-Technology

Saretzki¹,

Pretsch²,

Obertaxer³

2022

European Journal of Social Sciences

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Navigation through global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has become an indispensable part of modern life with threats such as GNSS interference, making it necessary to uncover relevant psychological aspects in the context of the GNSS construct, diverse interference events, and the use of related technologies. A total of n = 122 subjects participated in an online survey, which included scales and specifically constructed items on GNSS usage, acceptance, dependence, and self-assessed sense of direction and relevance of basic psychological needs. In addition, frequently emphasized factors influencing acceptance and use of diverse technologies were recorded according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT; Venkatesh et al., 2003). Correlation analyses showed that the frequency of GNSS use was associated with both effort expectation of appropriate technologies, hedonistic motivation, habits of using GNSS-enabled devices, and specific aspects of mobility. In terms of reported GNSS dependency, negative correlations were found with self-assessed orientation ability. It was also possible to identify voluntariness in the use of related technologies, the age of the users, and the relevance of self-determination as essential variables in the context of GNSS use. The results underline the need for further investigation of psychological aspects and contribute to existing discussions in the context of various threat scenarios.

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“…Indeed, the time counter in atomic clocks is achieved by exploiting the energy difference between two stationary quantum states in an ultra-cold atom Rubidium or Cesium [ 28 , 31 ]. Recently, the Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) engineered on June 24, 2019 at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida has a high accuracy with an uncertainty of less than 10 ns every 10 days, which is equivalent to one second in each 10 million years [ 32 ]. These improvements in clock oscillation help to assure the synchronization between ICT devices, engineer accurate navigation systems in transportation tools and ensure the financial transactions and data transmission between clients in real-time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical and numerical study of diffusion and localization of cold atoms in 3D optical speckles

2022

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This paper aims to study the diffusion and localization of cold atoms in three-dimensional (3D) optical speckles by using the theory of self-energy for N diffusers. In this paper, the Self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) is used to study the diffusion and localization of cold atoms in an optical disordered speckles, while the spectral function is adopted to study the effect of the matter waves energy and the disorder amplitude on the behaviour of cold atoms. For this purpose, the models of SCBA and spectral function are computed by a numerical algorithm. The calculation of the latter quantity involves the application of Simpson’s integration methods. The diffusion and localization of a Bose–Einstein Condensate for First-order Born Approximation (FBA) and SCBA models are presented. In addition, the diffusion time and the mean free path between two diffusers are illustrated. Moreover, the effect of disorder amplitude and the scattering of matter waves in 3D disordered potentials are highlighted. In this study, the results show that the time response of cold atoms localization and metal–insulator transition in SCBA is faster and yields lower energy than the FBA approximation.

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Past, present and future of atomic clocks for GNSS

Cited by 60 publications

References 39 publications

A Comprehensive Overview of Atomic Clocks and their Applications

A Comprehensive Overview of Atomic Clocks and their Applications

Security that Matters: General Knowledge and Correlations in the Context of Applied Satellite Navigation, Specific Interference-Events and the Use of the GNSS-Technology

Analytical and numerical study of diffusion and localization of cold atoms in 3D optical speckles

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