Past, present and future opportunities in breeding for disease resistance, with examples from wheat

Johnson, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00023908

Cited by 108 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This resistance has been described as non-specific with no interactions between genes in pathogen and host (Van Ginkel and Scharen 1988;Johnson 1992). Later work provided evidence of specificity in the interaction between genotypes of the host and isolates of the pathogen when tested in the growth chamber and in the field (Kema and Van Silfhout 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Inheritance and localisation of resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola causing septoria tritici blotch and plant height in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome with DNA markers

2003

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Resistance to the disease septoria tritici blotch of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel.) J. Schrot in Cohn (anamorph Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.) was investigated in a doubled-haploid (DH) population of a cross between the susceptible winter wheat cultivar Savannah and the resistant cultivar Senat. A molecular linkage map of the population was constructed including 76 SSR loci and 244 AFLP loci. Parents and DH progeny were tested for resistance to single isolates of M. graminicola in a growth chamber at the seedling stage, and to an isolate mixture at the adult plant stage, in field trials. A gene located at or near the Stb6 locus mapping to chromosome 3A provided seedling resistance to IPO323. Two complementary genes, mapping to chromosome 3A, one of which was the IPO323 resistance gene, were needed for resistance to the Danish isolate Risø97-86. In addition, a number of minor loci influenced the expression of resistance in the growth chamber. In the field, four QTLs for resistance to septoria tritici blotch were detected. Two QTLs, located on chromosomes 3A and 6B explained 18.2 and 67.9% of the phenotypic variance in the mean over two trials. Both these QTLs were also detected at the seedling stage with isolate Risø97-86, whereas isolate IPO323 only detected the QTL on 3A. Additionally, two QTLs identified in adult plants on chromosomes 2B and 7B were not detected at the seedling stage. Four QTLs were detected for plant height located on chromosomes 2B, 3A, 3B and on a linkage group not assigned to a chromosome. The major QTLs on 3A and on the unassigned linkage group were consistent over two trials, and the QTL on 3A seemed to be linked to a QTL for septoria tritici blotch resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Inheritance and localisation of resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola causing septoria tritici blotch and plant height in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome with DNA markers

2003

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“…The gene-for-gene interaction gives origin to the classification of pathogen phenotypes into physiological races, in which various isolates of the pathogen are separated into different groups based upon their ability to infect host genotypes carrying different resistance genes (Caten 1987). In another situation, no differential interaction is observed when the ability to cause disease by each pathogen isolate is constant across all host genotypes (Johnson 1992); in this case, the classification of the pathogen into races is meaningless because there are no real differences in their ability to initiate disease (Caten 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differentiation of Bean pod mottle virus isolates based upon host symptoms

2008

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Accessions from Glycine, Phaseolus, and Vigna genera were screened for their reactions to different subgroups of isolates of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in order to establish a differential host system. Screening results indicated that the BPMV isolates differed in pathogenic aggressiveness but not in virulence. No major resistance genes were found in soybean (Glycine max) or G. soja since all screened accessions showed mosaic or necrotic symptoms to BPMV inoculation. However, these accessions expressed differences in severity of symptoms when challenged by various BPMV isolates. The inoculation of G. tomentella accessions did not result in mosaic symptoms, and some accessions did not support systemic infection of some of the isolates. Resistance, presented as a hypersensitive reaction, was observed in some of Phaseolus and Vigna genotypes, and resistant response or susceptibility was stable to all the isolates used in the screening. In conclusion, the selected G. soja genotypes PI 407019, PI 464889A, and PI 464928, and 'Amsoy 71' soybean may help to separate severe (reassortant) from mild isolates of BPMV based upon their phenotypic reactions.

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“…Breeding for resistant cultivars is considered an attractive alternative strategy for crop protection against pests and diseases (Johnson 1992), provided that durable genetic resistance is available within the crop. Natural pest resistance based on trichomes has been extensively studied in tomato (see below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) by acylsucroses of wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) trichomes studied in a recombinant inbred line population

2008

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Trichome-based host plant resistance is a complex mechanism that could be used in tomato breeding to control arthropod pests. The aims of this work were to evaluate the plant traits (density of trichomes and acylsucrose production) and the functional relationships of these traits with mortality, repellence, and oviposition of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). We used a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between the wild tomato, Solanum pimpinellifolium L. 'TO-937', and the cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. Multiple regression analyses showed that high acylsucrose content and high type-IV trichome density increased mortality and repellence, and reduced oviposition of T. urticae. Single regression analyses showed that a logistic model best explained the relationship between mortality or repellence and acylsucrose content, whereas a negative-exponential model best described the relationship between oviposition and acylsucrose content. Linear models were the best-fits for the three resistance variables with trichome IV density. Probit analysis was used to estimate acylsucrose effective doses, and revealed that 31 and 10% of the RILs produced acylsucrose above the effective doses for 90% mortality or repellence, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that S. pimpinellifolium may be a suitable genetic source of resistance to spider mites to be used in cultivated tomato.

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Past, present and future opportunities in breeding for disease resistance, with examples from wheat

Cited by 108 publications

References 49 publications

Inheritance and localisation of resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola causing septoria tritici blotch and plant height in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome with DNA markers

Inheritance and localisation of resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola causing septoria tritici blotch and plant height in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome with DNA markers

Differentiation of Bean pod mottle virus isolates based upon host symptoms

Resistance to the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) by acylsucroses of wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) trichomes studied in a recombinant inbred line population

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