Past selection shaped phenological differentiation among populations at contrasting elevations in a Mediterranean alpine plant

Morente‐López, Javier; Lara‐Romero, Carlos; Ruiz-Checa, Raquel; Tabarés, Pablo; Iriondo, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103894

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Dai et al 2017;Hamann et al 2017;Henn et al 2018); however, it can also result from genetic adaptation to locally prevailing conditions (e.g. Byars et al 2007;Gonzalo-Turpin and Hazard 2009;Morente-López et al 2020). Smaller plants have lower resource requirements (Herrera 2005) and are less exposed to harsh climatic conditions such as strong winds (Takahashi 2014), suggesting a climatic selection of smaller phenotypes that are more advantageous in the growth-constraining environments of higher elevations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of floral allocation along an elevation gradient: variation in Senecio subalpinus growing in the Tatra Mountains

Kiełtyk

2021

Alp Botany

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This study examined the morphological variation in Senecio subalpinus W.D.J. Koch. (Asteraceae) along a 950-m elevation gradient in the Tatra Mountains, Central Europe, with emphasis on floral allocation patterns. Fifteen morphological traits were measured in 200 plants collected in the field from 20 sites then the findings were modelled by elevation using linear mixed-effects models. Plant aboveground biomass and height decreased steadily with increasing elevation; however, the most distinctive feature was the elevational shift in floral allocation patterns. Low-elevation plants had greater numbers of smaller flower heads with a lower overall number of flowers, while high-elevation plants had smaller numbers of bigger flower heads and a greater overall number of flowers. Accordingly, the mean individual flower mass increased significantly with increasing elevation. Interestingly, the width of the outer ligulate flowers also increased considerably with increasing elevation, increasing the fill of the overall circumference of the flower head. Results of this study confirmed that elevation is an important ecological gradient driving variation in vegetative and floral traits of S. subalpinus. Possible causes of the observed variations are subsequently discussed, including the varying effects of both abiotic and biotic factors with elevation gradients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of floral allocation along an elevation gradient: variation in Senecio subalpinus growing in the Tatra Mountains

Kiełtyk

2021

Alp Botany

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“…Furthermore, the presence of significant gene flow between marginal populations and between optimal and marginal populations across the elevation range within mountains has been documented (García‐Fernández, Segarra‐Moragues, et al, 2012; Morente‐López et al., 2018). Nevertheless, the latter is constrained by differences in flowering phenology between optimal and marginal populations that reduce the overlap of the flowering period (Giménez‐Benavides et al., 2007b; Morente‐López et al., 2019). Hence, the beneficial admixture among marginal populations found in this study is feasible in nature and even favoured in the field when compared to gene flow from optimal to marginal populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also estimated the phenotypic diversity of each population as a measure of available adaptive genetic diversity using the multivariate metrics Rao's quadratic entropy (RaoQ; Botta‐Dukát, 2005) and data of reproductive and phenology traits from Morente‐López et al. (2019; see Table 1). In Morente‐López et al (2019) plants were grown under the same common garden conditions, and therefore the observed phenotypic diversity can be related to genetic diversity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2019; see Table 1). In Morente‐López et al (2019) plants were grown under the same common garden conditions, and therefore the observed phenotypic diversity can be related to genetic diversity. RaoQ is a classical multi‐trait diversity index that can be used to quantify phenotypic diversity at different ecological units from populations to taxa and communities (Carmona, de Bello, Mason, & Lepš, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene flow effects on populations inhabiting marginal areas: Origin matters

et al. 2020

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The evolutionary potential of populations inhabiting marginal areas has been extensively debated and directly affects their conservation value. Gene flow is one of the main factors influencing selection, adaptive potential and thus, local adaptation processes in marginal areas. The effects of differential gene flow provenance are still not well understood, since studies on gene flow between marginal populations have been underrepresented in the literature. This kind of gene flow can be especially beneficial because it can provide both adaptive allelic combinations originated under similar environmental conditions and genetic variation on which selection can act. We conducted a study on the effects of different gene flow provenance on marginal populations of Mediterranean alpine Silene ciliata Pourret (Caryophyllaceae) replicated in three mountain ranges of Central Spain. The delineation of optimal and marginal areas of the species distribution was based on environmental differentiation and relied on the ecological definition of centrality and marginality. We experimentally tested the effect of three different types of pollen‐mediated gene flow on germination rate, seedling size and survival rate in marginal populations and assessed their effects by establishing in situ common gardens. To further assess the evolutionary potential of marginal populations, we performed a reciprocal sowing experiment and measured the same fitness components to determine the extent of local adaptation. We found that gene flow between marginal populations improved germination rate and seedling survival with regard to gene flow from optimal to marginal populations and within marginal populations. In reciprocal sowing experiments, seedling survival rate was higher when the seed source was from marginal areas than when it was from optimal areas in both marginal and optimal sowing sites. Synthesis. Our results suggest that gene flow between marginal populations from similar environmental conditions increases the fitness of the recipient population by increasing genetic diversity and simultaneously providing adaptive alleles generated under similar selective pressures. Results also highlight the adaptive potential of marginal populations as genetic diversity from marginal areas may provide a fitness advantage to the populations in optimal areas. In this context, the adaptive value of marginal populations increases their relevance and potential use in conservation management.

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“…Los resultados obtenidos en estos estudios genómicos son congruentes con la diferenciación fenotípica de base genética de las poblaciones. Así, nuestros estudios de genética cuantitativa apoyaron la acción de la selección divergente en poblaciones que habitan en condiciones ambientales contrastadas en los extremos del gradiente de elevación (Morente-López et al 2019;Morente-López et al 2020a). Estos estudios se basaron en la comparación entre diferenciación genética neutral (Fst) y diferenciación genética de rasgos fenotípicos (Pst) entre poblaciones, con el fin de inferir patrones de selección en ambientes contrastados (Merilä y Crnokrak 2001;Preite et al 2015).…”

Section: Determinación Del Efecto De Las Presiones Selectivas Sobre Poblaciones Marginalesunclassified

Áreas marginales en ecosistemas alpinos: definición y valor evolutivo en un contexto de cambio climático

Morente

Lara‐Romero

Fernández

et al. 2021

ECOS

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En el contexto de cambio climático en el que nos encontramos, cada vez más poblaciones se ven sometidas a presiones selectivas extremas definitorias de una marginalidad ambiental. Determinar el valor evolutivo y el potencial adaptativo de las poblaciones marginales sigue siendo un reto de enorme importancia actualmente y tiene implicaciones directas sobre la conservación de la biodiversidad. Para afrontar este reto conviene considerar de manera integradora los principales factores que influyen en los procesos de adaptación evolutiva (diversidad genética, presiones selectivas y flujo genético). En este trabajo presentamos una hoja de ruta que parte de la definición del concepto de marginalidad ambiental a la integración de experimentos de campo y laboratorio, incluyendo la utilización de modelos de nicho ecológico, estudios genéticos y genómicos, experimentos de jardín común in situ y ex situ, simulaciones de flujo genético y siembras recíprocas, con el fin de determinar el potencial evolutivo que reside en poblaciones que habitan áreas ambientalmente marginales y, por tanto, también su valor de conservación. Para ello utilizamos como caso de estudio la investigación llevada a cabo con Silene ciliata en las poblaciones del Sistema Central. Nuestros estudios indican que algunas de las poblaciones que habitan en áreas marginales mantienen niveles considerables de diversidad genética y presentan claras evidencias de adaptación local. En consecuencia, estos resultados destacan el relevante valor de conservación que pueden tener las poblaciones marginales, especialmente en un contexto de cambio climático.

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Past selection shaped phenological differentiation among populations at contrasting elevations in a Mediterranean alpine plant

Cited by 14 publications

References 58 publications

Patterns of floral allocation along an elevation gradient: variation in Senecio subalpinus growing in the Tatra Mountains

Patterns of floral allocation along an elevation gradient: variation in Senecio subalpinus growing in the Tatra Mountains

Gene flow effects on populations inhabiting marginal areas: Origin matters

Áreas marginales en ecosistemas alpinos: definición y valor evolutivo en un contexto de cambio climático

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