Pasteurella multocida isolates associated with ovine pneumonia are toxigenic

A Necropsy based Investigation on Concurrent Infection of PPR and Emerging Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogens in Sheep and Goat

“…Nowadays VITEK ® based identification of Bacterial is very important as it gives accurate results and biochemical characteristics of bacteria. Similar studies were conducted in experimental infection in goat and sheep (Benavides et al 2015;Cid et al 2019) where Pasteurella multocida was isolated from lungs.…”

“…It showed maximum association with PPR. It is known that Pasteurella multocida inhabits the upper respiratory tract (Cid et al 2019; Kumar et al A-Lungs: cardiac and diaphragmatic lobe covered with thick whitish layer of fibrin B-Presence of bipolar organism (white arrow) in frothy exudate of lung and intracytoplasmic inclusion in epithelial cells (black arrow) Leishman stain 1000 X oil immersion; C-Lungs-blocking of alveolar lumen by plug of leucocytes (arrow head) and thickening of interstitial space due to capillary haemorrhages along with presence of fibrinous exudate H and E stain x100, D-Lungs: presence of heavy infiltration of leucocytes in alveoli with thickening of interstitial space H and E stain X100; E-Oozing of frothy thick yellow coloured suppurative exudate (arrow) from trachea, F-Lungs: severe dark red discoloration of lungs with multifocal areas of petechial to ecchymotic haemorrhages on diaphragmatic lobe of lungs and few raised whitish areas (arrows), G-Lungs: alveoli filled with necrotic debris and moderate infiltration of neutrophils surrounding bronchiole (arrow) H and E stain X 100, H-Lungs: bronchioles and alveoli filled with leucocytes and formation of syntitia with thickening of interstitial space (arrow) H and E stain X100; I-Severe diffuse hemorrhages, congestion, wet appearance of lungs and presence of white layer of fibrin at focal area (arrow) (Sphingomonas paucimobilis and PPR); J-Lung: thickening of interstitial space due to excess hemorrhages, congestion of blood vessels and mild infiltration of leucocytes in hemorrhagic pneumonia (Sphingomonas paucimobilis and PPR); K-Red discoloration and heavy and voluminous appearance of lungs (A. baumanii and PPR) , L-Lung capillary hemorrhages, infiltration of leucocytes in interstitial space and presence of serofibrinous exudate in lumen (A. baumanii and PPR)H and E stain X 100.…”

Conservation of ptfA gene encoded Type IV fimbrial protein among circulating Pasteurella multocida serogroup A strains causing pneumonia in sheep

“…Whereas, strains causing acute septicaemic form in host reckoned to be triggered by various influencing environment factors leading to high mortality, tend to show a very little genetic variations despite being phylogenetically similar (Orynbayev et al 2019). Moreover, the severity of pneumonic form despite clonality of strains could be due to presence of dermonecrotoxin (toxA gene) as noted in the recent time (Cid et al 2019, Prajapati et al 2020a. Therefore, in chronic clinical cases, as observed in our study as well as others in the past, it was difficult to differentiate all the phenotypically and serologically similar P. multocida strains.…”

Bronchopneumonia in sheep associated with Providencia stuartii

“…In sheep, the recent transport history can be considered a stress factor that predisposes to pneumonia (Brogden et al, 1998;Chakraborty et al, 2014;Scott, 2011). Reports of pneumonia in sheep caused by different etiologies have already been described in the literature (Azizi et al, 2013;Bell, 2008;Carmo et al, 2020;Cid et al, 2019;Jaÿ & Tardy, 2019;Kalogianni et al, 2020), however there are no reports of P. stuartii.…”