Pasture species and cultivars used in New Zealand - a list

Charlton, J. F. L.; Stewart, Alan V.

doi:10.33584/jnzg.1999.61.2328

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In October 2012 24 year-old seedlings of each native species were individually potted. Seeds of L. perenne (cultivar Ceres One 50 , entophyte AR1) were sown in 24 additional pots at a rate equivalent to 20 kg ha -1 (Charlton and Stewart 1999). Four N treatments, with 6 replicate plants of each species, were arranged in a complete randomized block design.…”

Section: Glasshouse Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 80% of New Zealand's native biota is endemic and the country is recognized as a world biodiversity hotspot (Mittermeier et al 1999). Native vegetation has been converted to pastoral land in about one third of New Zealand's land area, with an increasing component of irrigated and fertilized dairy farms, planted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and other non-native species (Charlton and Stewart 1999). Prior to relatively recent human colonization, vegetation in this mild sub-humid climate (rainfall 600-800 mm yr -1 ) consisted of podocarp-broadleaf forest on deeper soils, woody shrubland (dominantly Kunzea spp., Myrtaceae) on more stony free-draining soils, and dry tussock grassland on disturbed sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Native plants and nitrogen in agricultural landscapes of New Zealand

et al. 2015

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Native vegetation of the Canterbury Plains of South Island in New Zealand has been heavily modified by agriculture and now occupies less than 0.5% of the total land area. With recent large-scale conversion to intensive dairy farming, restoration of native plants and biodiversity into a modern agricultural matrix creates a significant challenge. Native species are adapted to low nitrogen (N) environments but fertilizers and effluents have substantially raised soil N loadings. We investigated the interactions of selected native species to elevated soil N, using field studies and glasshouse-based nutrient trials. Growth and uptake of N by perennial ryegrass provided a reference. At restoration sites, several native species had similar foliar N concentrations to ryegrass. Deciduous and N-fixing species of tree had highest concentrations. There was significant inter-species variation in soil mineral N concentrations in native plant rhizospheres, differing substantially to the root zone of ryegrass. Pot trials revealed that native species tolerate high N-loadings (up to 1600 kg ha-1), although there was a negligible or no significant growth response. Among the native plants, monocots (tussock grass, sedge and NZ flax) assimilated most N, although total N assimilation by ryegrass would exceed that of native species at field productivity rates. Nevertheless, the deeper rhizospheres of native species may reduce nitrate leaching when planted on the margins of agricultural land or for effluent disposal. Selected native plant species could contribute to the sustainable management of N in intensive agricultural landscapes. Highlights:  Native species are tolerant to elevated soil N, with negligible growth response  Low-N adapted plants show species-specific traits that include luxury N uptake  Differences rhizosphere N pools exist between native species and with ryegrass  Planting natives may help to provide sustainable agricultural management of N

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Section: Glasshouse Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native plants and nitrogen in agricultural landscapes of New Zealand

et al. 2015

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“…New Zealand's pastoral livestock sector is reliant on pastoral-based farming systems essentially underpinned by legume/grass pasture combinations (e.g. Charlton and Stewart 1999). White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is recognised as the foundation legume component of New Zealand pasture systems, contributing the benefit of low cost and environmentally sustainable nitrogen (N) via nodulated symbiotic N 2 fixation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the economic cost of invertebrate pests to New Zealand’s pastoral industry

Ferguson

Barratt

Bell

et al. 2018

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Two exotic pests, Argentine stem weevil (ASW) and clover root weevil (CRW) are causing damage estimated at up to $200 M p.a. and $235 M p.a. respectively in dairy and sheep and beef pastures. While CRW is subject to successful biological control management it still causes considerable losses. Lesser pests also contribute to lost production, particularly as they often coexist with more major pests. However, their economic cost to New Zealand is difficult to calculate due to the variable nature of infestations on both temporal and spatial scales. At farm and paddock level, it is abundantly clear that substantial savings could be made if pest management is achieved. It is equally clear that in many instances the tools to do so are limited but if developed would contribute substantially to farm profitability.

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“…The apparent differences in the growth of swards during the summer period compared to that during the autumn was mostly attributed to differences in temperature (summer mean = 32.5 ± 2.8 • C; autumn mean = 20.4 ± 1.4 • C). Although annual ryegrass is a cool-season grass [49], the low total DM from autumn trial may also have been caused by the lack of fertilizer use over the course of this trial and in addition pasture scorching, caused by the high concentration urine applied, inhibited early growth [50,51]. The addition of biochar did not cause differences in plant growth or N uptake, as expected, given the low fertility value of the biochar and high stability of the C in biochar, which minimized N immobilization.…”

Section: Dry Matter Yield (Dm) N Concentrations In Plant and N Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influence of Biochar Particle Size and Depth of Placement on Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions from Simulated Urine Patches

2018

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The use of biochar reduces nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils under specific conditions yet the mechanisms through which interactions occur are not fully understood. The objectives of this glasshouse study were to investigate the effect of (i) biochar particle size, and (ii) the impact of soil inversion—through simulated mouldboard ploughing—on N2O emissions from soils to which cattle urine was applied. Pine biochar (550 °C) with two different particle sizes (<2 mm and >4 mm) was mixed either into the top soil layer at the original 0–10 cm depth in the soil column or at 10–20 cm depth by inverting the top soil to simulate ploughing. Nitrous oxide emissions were monitored for every two to three days, up to seven weeks during the summer trial and measurements were repeated during the autumn trial. We found that the use of large particle size biochar in the inverted soil had significant impact on increasing the cumulative N2O emissions in autumn trial, possibly through changes in the water hydraulic conductivity of the soil column and increased water retention at the boundary between soil layers. This study thus highlights the importance of the role of biochar particle size and the method of biochar placement on soil physical properties and the implications of these on N2O emissions.

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Pasture species and cultivars used in New Zealand - a list

Cited by 36 publications

References 64 publications

Native plants and nitrogen in agricultural landscapes of New Zealand

Native plants and nitrogen in agricultural landscapes of New Zealand

Quantifying the economic cost of invertebrate pests to New Zealand’s pastoral industry

Investigating the Influence of Biochar Particle Size and Depth of Placement on Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions from Simulated Urine Patches

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