Pasture weeds of the tropics and subtropics with special reference to Australia

Tothill, J. C.; Mott, J. J.; Gillard, P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0916-3_35

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Rogers et al. (2007) considered the biological characteristics and competitive ability of cotton compared with these weed species and concluded that all the competing weeds were aggressive, rapidly germinating and/or growing ‘high fertility invaders’ (Tothill et al. , 1982) with the capacity to shade and smother any cotton seedlings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside surveys support predictions of negligible naturalisation potential for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in north‐east Australia

Addison¹,

Farrell

Roberts

et al. 2007

Weed Research

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A survey of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) volunteers was conducted along the 1400 km of a cottonseed transport route in north-east Australia to determine the extent of naturalisation from spilt seed. In each year, 1% of the road distance was inspected for volunteer plants. The survey results were juxtaposed with the eco-climatic suitability predictions from inferential modelling. Over 3 years, 22 cotton plants were found at eight sites. Within the cotton production region, volunteers averaged 2.28 plants km )1 of road; their most likely source was seed cotton spilt during the previous harvest. Further north, three plants were found over 3 years, at an average density of 0.089 plants km )1 of road; all three plants were found in locations with a positive Ecoclimatic Index. No secondary spread was detected. Roadside slashing reduced plant survival and the potential to produce seed. In the wet tropics, weed competition and slashing prevented volunteers establishing. The surveys indicate that roadsides in north-east Australia are a hostile environment for the establishment of cotton plants, with no evidence of naturalisation or secondary spread. Current transport practices utilizing fully covered loads present negligible risk of producing naturalised populations of cotton (either transgenic or non-transgenic) on roadsides in north-east Australia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside surveys support predictions of negligible naturalisation potential for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in north‐east Australia

Addison¹,

Farrell

Roberts

et al. 2007

Weed Research

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“…Brachiaria subquadripara is an annual or short‐lived perennial which invades legume‐based pastures ( Gillard & Fisher 1978; Gillard et al 1980 ; Tothill et al 1982 ). Cenchrus ciliaris is a strongly perennial introduced grass widely sown in Australia and now naturalized in central inland Queensland ( Kleinschmidt & Johnson 1977) and invading along river banks into mesic habitats in the arid zone ( Humphries et al 1991 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dormancy and germination characteristics of herbaceous species in the seasonally dry tropics of northern Australia

McIvor

Howden

2000

Austral Ecology

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This study investigated changes in dormancy and germination over 8 months for 23 common species (annual and perennial grasses, legumes and other dicotyledons) from herbaceous communities in northern Australia. Seeds were exposed to three storage treatments: relatively constant laboratory conditions, an oven with fluctuating temperatures similar to those found on the soil surface (25/60°C), or exposed on the soil surface at Townsville. There were wide ranges of initial levels of dormancy (9–100%), rates of change of dormancy and response to the different storage conditions showing that species with several types of dormancy characteristics are able to coexist in these communities. The general trend in dormancy levels was a decline with time with the rate of decline greatest for seeds exposed on the soil surface and least for those stored in the laboratory. The species were divided into groups based on dormancy levels in seeds on the soil surface during the late dry and mid wet seasons. The dormancy characteristics of the groups were related to the ecology of the species in the groups. There was an approximately linear increase in germination rate (i.e. a decrease in the number of days to 50% of final germination) over time for all storage treatments; rates for seeds on the soil surface increased more rapidly than those of seeds in laboratory and oven samples.

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“…In addition, its shallow root system has the potential to consume resources (water and nutrients) otherwise utilised by both introduced and native pasture species (Bebawi et al 2007. Particularly in Queensland, it invades national parks as well as grazing land and so increases the cost of management of these lands (Tothill et al 1982;Csurhes 1999;Parsons and Cuthbertson 2001). Bellyache bush is an important pest throughout the rangelands of northern Australia, extending across Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can competition with pasture be used to manipulate bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) population biology?

Bebawi¹,

Campbell²,

Mayer³

2013

Rangel. J.

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Abstract. Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) is an invasive weed that poses economic and environmental problems in northern Australia. Competition between pasture and bellyache bush was examined in North Queensland using combinations of five pasture treatments (uncut (control); cut as low, medium, and high pasture; and no pasture) and four bellyache bush densities (0, 2, 6 and 12 plants m À2 ) in a buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) dominated pasture. The pasture treatments were applied approximately once per year but no treatments were applied directly to the bellyache bush plants. Measurements of bellyache bush flowering, seed formation, and mortality were undertaken over a 9-year period, along with monitoring the pasture basal cover and plant species diversity. Maximum flowering rates of bellyache bush occurred after 9 years (97%) in plots containing no pasture, with the lowest rates of 9% in uncut control plots. Earliest flowering (322 days after planting) and seed formation (411 days) also occurred in plots with no pasture compared with all other pasture treatments (range 1314-1393 days for seed formation to occur). No seeds were produced in uncut plots. At the end of 9 years, mortality rates of bellyache bush plants initially planted averaged !73% for treatments with some pasture compared with 55% under the no-pasture treatment. The percentage of herbaceous plant basal cover in uncut plots was increased 5-fold after 9 years, much greater than the average 2% increase recorded across the low, medium, and high pasture treatments. The number of herbaceous species in uncut plots remained largely unchanged, whereas there was an average reduction of 46% in the cut pasture treatments. Buffel grass remained the species with the greatest basal cover across all cut pasture treatments, followed by sabi grass (Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy) and then red Natal grass (Melinis repens (Willd.) Ziska). These results suggest that grazing strategies that maintain a healthy and competitive pasture layer may contribute to reducing the rate of spread of bellyache bush and complement traditional control techniques such as the use of herbicides.

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Pasture weeds of the tropics and subtropics with special reference to Australia

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Roadside surveys support predictions of negligible naturalisation potential for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in north‐east Australia

Roadside surveys support predictions of negligible naturalisation potential for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in north‐east Australia

Dormancy and germination characteristics of herbaceous species in the seasonally dry tropics of northern Australia

Can competition with pasture be used to manipulate bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) population biology?

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