Patchouli alcohol activates PXR and suppresses the NF-κB-mediated intestinal inflammatory

Phytochemical Regulation of RNA in Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colon Cancer: Inspirations from Cell and Animal Studies

“…In NF-κB-mediated intestinal inflammation, Patchouli alcohol, a natural tricyclic sesquiterpene, can decrease intestinal inflammation by activating PXR. The CYP3A4 promoter activity and levels of PXR, CYP3A4, and MDR1 mRNA are significantly increased in this study (Zhang et al, 2020a).…”

Pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Pogostemon cablin Benth: a review

“…PA can also modulate the expression of apoptosis-related Bax and Bcl-2 proteins and thereby limit the pathology associated with DSS-induced signaling leading to cell death; PA can also downregulate the expression of the necrosis-associated protein, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 [57]. Other studies [58] revealed that the PA-mediated activation of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) via a pregnane X receptor (PXR)-dependent mechanism resulted in attenuated inflammation via downstream signaling, which ultimately served to inhibit NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation; importantly, this study identified PA as a critical exogenous agonist of PXR. In vivo experiments revealed that PA prevented DDS-induced inflammation in mice by regulating PXR-NF-κB signaling.…”

Potential benefits of patchouli alcohol in prevention of human diseases: A mechanistic review

“…A recent study identified that PA acts as a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist and inhibits inflammatory response through PXR-mediated inactivation of the NF-κB pathway in in vitro and in vivo models [21] . PXR is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium and the liver, and it regulates transcription of genes involved in the xenobiotic detoxification and transport pathway [35] .…”

“…PXR can inhibit NF-kB signaling, which signaling results in pro-inflammatory cytokine production [36] . According to a study by Zhang et al [21] using hPXR-overexpressing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) and endogenously hPXR-expressing human colon cancer cells (LS174T), PA treatment increased the nuclear translocation of PXR, consequently enhancing expression of an hPXR target gene ( CYP3A4 ) through activation of CYP3A4 promoter activity; PA was also shown to induce CYP3A11 gene expression in mouse primary hepatocytes by activating mPXR signaling. Notably, the suppressive effect of PA on NF-κB activation was enhanced in hPXR-overexpressing LS174T cells and reversed in hPXR-silencing LS174T cells.…”

“…1 ). Diverse health beneficial activities have been documented for PA, including: anti-influenza virus [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , anti-inflammatory [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , anti-oxidative [18] , anti-ulcerogenic [19] , [20] , anti-colitis [21] , [22] , anti-mucositis [23] and protective activities against brain and lung injuries [24] , [25] . Most recently, the effects of PA on cancer and metabolic disorders including obesity, fatty liver and gut microbiota have come under investigation [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] .…”