Patchy distribution of mucosal lesions in ileal Crohnʼs disease is not linked to differences in the dominant mucosa-associated bacteria

Vasquez, Nadia; Mangin, Irène; Lepage, Patricia; Seksik, Philippe; Duong, Jean-Paul; Blum, Stéphanie; Schiffrin, Eduardo J.; Suau, Antonia; Allez, Matthieu; Vernier, Gwenola; Tréton, Xavier; Doré, Joël; Marteau, Philippe; Pochart, Philippe

doi:10.1002/ibd.20084

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We and others have shown that the composition of the dominant flora of the mucus layer is constant (high similarity index) along the colon in patients with CD, as well as in healthy subjects [38,40] . We were also unable to find significant differences between the microbiota present over an area of intestinal ulceration and in uninvolved mucosa in patients with CD or UC [41,42] . We did not find a microbial signal in the crypt abscesses of patients (although there are such signals in crypts and crypt abscesses from patients with infectious colitides [43] ).…”

Section: Mucosa-adherent Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 57%

Bacterial Flora in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Marteau¹

2009

Dig Dis

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The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves an interaction between host susceptibility (which is partly genetically determined), mucosal immunity and the intestinal milieu. Micro-organisms have physiological effects on mucosal structure, epithelial turnover, the intestinal immune cells and, thus, on many intestinal functions. Toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerisation-binding domain proteins in host cells recognise specific bacterial molecules and modify the immune response. Human studies have repeatedly shown that the microbiota of patients with IBD differs from that of controls and is unstable, both in the intestinal lumen and at the surface of the mucosa. A single pathogen has not been identified, but potentially pro-inflammatory micro-organisms have been found in samples from IBD patients more often than from healthy controls. These include Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and enteroadherent and invasive Escherichia coli in Crohn’s disease (CD). Ecological descriptions of the microbiota present in patients with IBD (either in the faeces or adherent to the mucosa) have repeatedly reported a decrease in usually dominant bacteria, especially those from the dominant phylum Firmicutes. A decrease in the biodiversity of Firmicutes has been observed in CD, while a recent study has shown that a decrease in Firmicutes, especially Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, was associated with CD and the post-operative recurrence of CD lesions in the ileum. Taken together, these results suggest that dysbiosis, or an imbalance within the (dominant) intestinal microbiota, may favour IBD.

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Section: Mucosa-adherent Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 57%

Bacterial Flora in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Marteau¹

2009

Dig Dis

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“…No difference has been found in inflamed versus noninflamed tissue in CD and/or UC using DGGE, 152,222,228 TGGE, 229,230 FISH, 230 and clone library analysis. 138,149 A microarray study of samples from the same patient showed a similar profile whether from inflamed or noninflamed tissue.…”

Section: Inflamed Versus Noninflamed Mucosamentioning

confidence: 87%

Characterization of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cruz

Prideaux

Wagner

et al. 2012

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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The enteric bacterial flora play a key role in maintaining health. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with quantitative and qualitative alterations in the microbiota. Early characterization of the microbiota involved culture-dependent techniques. The advent of metagenomic techniques, however, allows for structural and functional characterization using culture-independent methods. Changes in diversity, together with quantitative alterations in specific bacterial species, have been identified. The functional significance of these changes, and their pathogenic role, remain to be elucidated.

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“…Surgical samples and mucosal biopsy samples were processed directly in the operating room as previously described (27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients

Sokol

Pigneur

Watterlot

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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3,698

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2,798

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A decrease in the abundance and biodiversity of intestinal bacteria within the dominant phylum Firmicutes has been observed repeatedly in Crohn disease (CD) patients. In this study, we determined the composition of the mucosa-associated microbiota of CD patients at the time of surgical resection and 6 months later using FISH analysis. We found that a reduction of a major member of Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, is associated with a higher risk of postoperative recurrence of ileal CD. A lower proportion of F. prausnitzii on resected ileal Crohn mucosa also was associated with endoscopic recurrence at 6 months. To evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of F. prausnitzii we analyzed the anti-inflammatory effects of F. prausnitzii in both in vitro (cellular models) and in vivo [2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced] colitis in mice. In Caco-2 cells transfected with a reporter gene for NF-B activity, F. prausnitzii had no effect on IL-1␤-induced NF-B activity, whereas the supernatant abolished it. In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulation by F. prausnitzii led to significantly lower IL-12 and IFN-␥ production levels and higher secretion of IL-10. Oral administration of either live F. prausnitzii or its supernatant markedly reduced the severity of TNBS colitis and tended to correct the dysbiosis associated with TNBS colitis, as demonstrated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. F. prausnitzii exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on cellular and TNBS colitis models, partly due to secreted metabolites able to block NF-B activation and IL-8 production. These results suggest that counterbalancing dysbiosis using F. prausnitzii as a probiotic is a promising strategy in CD treatment.IBD ͉ microbiota ͉ probiotic

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Patchy distribution of mucosal lesions in ileal Crohnʼs disease is not linked to differences in the dominant mucosa-associated bacteria

Abstract: The dominant MAB do not differ between noninflamed and inflamed ileal mucosa in Crohn's disease. This argues against a localized dysbiosis to explain the patchy distribution of mucosal lesions.

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Bacterial Flora in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Bacterial Flora in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Characterization of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients

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