Patchy Landscapes and Animal Movements: Do Beetles Percolate?

Wiens, John A.; Schooley, Robert L.; Weeks, Ronald D.

doi:10.2307/3546292

Cited by 251 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, modeling movement behaviors within heterogeneous landscapes could build a bridge between experimental studies and management decisions. So far, however, only few modeling attempts have been made towards this goal (Kareiva and Shigesada 1983;McCulloch and Cain 1989;Johnson et al 1992a;Wiens et al 1997). Spatially explicit models require fine-scale data on movement and demography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectivity measures: a review

2008

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One of the central problems in contemporary ecology and conservation biology is the drastic change of landscapes induced by anthropogenic activities, resulting in habitat loss and fragmentation. For many wild living species, local extinctions of fragmented populations are common and recolonization is critical for regional survival. Successful recolonization depends on the availability of dispersing individuals and the degree of landscape connectivity. The obvious implications of landscape connectivity for conservation biology have led to a proliferation of connectivity measures. However, general relationships between landscape connectivity and landscape structure are lacking, and so are the relationships between different connectivity metrics. Consequently, there is a need to develop landscape metrics that more accurately characterize the landscape with an emphasis on the underlying processes. Here we review various definitions of landscape connectivity, explain their mathematical connotations, and make some unifying conclusions and suggestions for future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectivity measures: a review

2008

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“…In these areas, because the landscape's mosaic-like pattern is quite heterogeneous, a complex set of natural conditions is developed through the enhancement of these ecological flows originating from the historical remnants into the areas to be restored. Figure 1 represents, schematically, the nucleation process as a facilitator for restoring connectivity, considering variable parameters of the landscape such as scale, size and degree of isolation between remnants, intensities of ecological flows and matrix permeability (Merriam and Lanoue, 1990;Dunn et al, 1991;Wiens et al, 1997;Antongiovanni and Metzger, 2005;Ewers and Didham, 2006).…”

Section: The Role Of Nucleation In Ecological Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation in tropical ecological restoration

Reis

Bechara

Tres

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

124

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Ecological theories of facilitation and nucleation are proposed as a basis for environmental restoration in tropical ecosystems. The main goal of this paper is to present restoration techniques based on the concept of nucleation, in which small nuclei of vegetation are established within a degraded land. The nucleation techniques (artificial shelters for animals, planting of herbaceous shrub life forms, soil and seed bank translocation, seed rain translocation, soil and seed rain translocation's seedling set, artificial perches, planting of native trees in groups, and ecological stepping-stones with functional groups) promote the landscape connectivity on two flows: inward: receiver connectivity and outward: donor connectivity. The nuclei development represents an alternative for restoration by prioritizing the natural processes of succession. This methodology appears to take long to generate vegetation corresponding to tropical climates, but is fundamental in the formation of communities capable of acting, in the future, as a new functional nuclei within the current fragmented landscape. This strategy also encourages greater integration between the theories and projects of ecological restoration for the development of human resources and to benefit the restoration practitioner. Key words: facilitation, succession, heterogeneity, landscape connectivity, degraded areas A Nucleação na restauração ecológica de ecossistemas tropicais RESUMO: As teorias ecológicas da facilitação e nucleação são propostas como base para a restauração ambiental de ecossistemas tropicais. Nesse "Ponto de Vista" apresentam-se técnicas de restauração fundamentadas no conceito de nucleação, onde pequenos núcleos de vegetação são implantados em uma área degradada. As técnicas de nucleação (abrigos artificiais para animais, plantio de espécies herbáceo-arbustivas, transposição de solo e banco de sementes, transposição de chuva de sementes, blocos de mudas procedentes de transposição de solo e chuva de sementes, poleiros artificiais, plantio de árvores nativas em grupos de Anderson, e trampolins ecológicos com grupos funcionais) promovem a conectividade da paisagem sob dois fluxos: interno: conectividade recebedora; e externo: conectividade doadora. O desenvolvimento dos núcleos representa uma alternativa de restauração que prioriza os processos de sucessão natural. A restauração através das técnicas de nucleação pode parecer muito lenta para atingir uma vegetação que corresponda ao clima tropical, porém representa uma base para a constituição de comunidades que, no futuro, poderão potencialmente atuar como novos núcleos funcionais dentro da atual paisagem fragmentada. Encoraja-se maior integração entre teorias ecológicas e projetos de restauração para desenvolvimento de recursos humanos e formação de restauradores ecológicos. Palavras-chave: facilitação, sucessão, heterogeneidade, conectividade da paisagem, áreas degradadas

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“…In conclusion, active dispersers are most probably characterized by 'percolation' or 'nearest-neighbour' dispersal (e.g. Wiens et al 1993Wiens et al , 1995Wiens et al , 1997Schtickzelle & Baguette 2003), whereas passive dispersal can be considered to be a random event (With & King 1999;King & With 2002). Based on spatially explicit population models, King & With (2002) predicted that costs associated with random dispersal are highest in rare, fragmented habitats, as is the case with dune grasslands (e.g.…”

Section: Passive Versus Active Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical variation in wolf spider dispersal behaviour is related to landscape structure

et al. 2006

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Theoretical studies suggest that mechanisms underlying habitat and population structure are important for shaping inter-and intraspecific variation in dispersal behaviour. Empirical evidence, especially in organisms living in spatially structured populations, however, is scarce. We investigated the relation between habitat configuration (patch size, connectivity) and dispersal by studying variation in tiptoe behaviour in the dune wolf spider, Pardosa monticola, under standardized laboratory conditions. Tiptoe behaviour prepares spiderlings for ballooning and can hence be considered as a precursor of aerial dispersal. The proportion of individuals that displayed tiptoe behaviour was highest in offspring from grasslands in a large dune landscape where habitat was continuously available, intermediate in offspring originating from a fragmented landscape, and lowest in offspring originating from a small and extremely isolated grassland patch. At the level of the fragmented landscape, variation was related to size and connectivity of four subpopulations. Both between and within landscapes, maternal condition had no effect on offspring dispersal. These results indicate that changes in habitat configuration from a large, connected landscape towards a small, fragmented one may lead to a decrease in dispersal rates, even at small spatial scales. Hence, behavioural traits narrowly linked to dispersal evolve towards less mobile phenotypes in small, isolated habitats, indicating high dispersal costs and low efficacy for gene flow in a spider species restricted to fragmented habitats.

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Patchy Landscapes and Animal Movements: Do Beetles Percolate?

Cited by 251 publications

References 29 publications

Connectivity measures: a review

Connectivity measures: a review

Nucleation in tropical ecological restoration

Geographical variation in wolf spider dispersal behaviour is related to landscape structure

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