Patent co-citation networks of Fortune 500 companies

Wang, Xianwen; Zhang, Xi; Xu, Shenmeng

doi:10.1007/s11192-011-0414-x

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This map, based on the multidimensional scaling algorithm, categorised the companies into six major clusters, namely semiconductor, computer peripheral equipment, scanner, notebook/monitor, system, and IC design/packaging. Wang, Zhang, and Xu (2011) showed the patent co-citation networks of Fortune 500 companies using a bibliometric mapping technique. It was found that ICT companies most actively referred to the patents of other companies within the same sector during the 1990s while the chemical companies were also found to be most active as intermediaries in the same period.…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 However, in this previous study, detailed technological elements and their interrelationships have not been uncovered despite their importance in implementing a certain technology (Shapiro 2001;Cockburn, Macgarvie, and Müller 2010;Parr and Smith 2010). To address this issue, the bibliometric mapping technique can be applied because this technique effectively converts voluminous text information into one snapshot in consideration of the interrelationships among words (Schmoch and Schnoring 1994;Huang, Chiang and Chen 2003;Van and Eck and Waltman 2010;Wang, Zhang, and Xu 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of essential patent portfolios via bibliometric mapping: an illustration of leading firms in the 4G era

Han

2015

Technology Analysis & Strategic Management

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This study aims to analyse the essential patent portfolios of individual firms via bibliometric mapping. Based on the maps drawn via this method, important clusters of each company are analysed and two interpretations are made. As an illustration, the mobile phone industry is selected because standardisation is highly important for firms in this industry. Among others, long-term evolution (LTE) of the 4G era is chosen as a standard and Qualcomm, Nokia, Ericsson, and NTT DOCOMO are included as leading firms. As a result, firm-wise LTE essential patent portfolios were visualised. Based on the information given in these maps, two important clusters (i.e. the clusters composed of frequently emerging words and their periphery and the clusters including particularly noticeable terms) were analysed. In addition, two interpretations were made as follows. First, specialised and expandable technological clusters for each company (14 specialised/expandable clusters for Qualcomm, 8 for Nokia, 11 for Ericsson, and 10 for NTT DOCOMO) were identified. Second, appropriate cooperative strategies were devised according to the ownership patterns of technologies as follows. To begin with, if the technologies were owned by one company (e.g. multi-carriers, duplex channel, error correction), a non-cooperative strategy, such as non-exclusive licensing, was advised. Next, when the technology was owned by two companies (i.e. OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing)), a cooperative strategy, such as cross-licensing, was recommended. Finally, if the technologies were owned by multiple companies (i.e. MIMO (multi-input and multi-output) and data transmission), then a cooperative strategy, such as a patent pool, was proposed.

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Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of essential patent portfolios via bibliometric mapping: an illustration of leading firms in the 4G era

Han

2015

Technology Analysis & Strategic Management

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“…One of their conclusions is that they cannot detect substantial progress in European research integration other than the common global trend. Wang, Zhang, and Xu (2011) take the entire domain of technology as a starting point and analyze how the developments in the different fields of technology are related at the firm level. They use patent co-citation networks to identify the technological links between 500 important companies.…”

Section: Further Diversification Of Technology Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Raan

2017

Journal of Data and Information Science

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Purpose First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature (scientific non-patent references, SNPRs). Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%–4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a “second order SNPR approach” enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers (TRPs). In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technology-relevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

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“…O destaque a termos associados com patentes (patents) (Baron & Delcamp, 2012;Frietsch & Schmoch, 2010;Makkonen & van der Have, 2013;Wang, Zhang, & Xu, 2011), pesquisa e desenvolvimento (research and development) (Czarnitzki et al, 2011;Porter, 2007a;Watts & Porter, 2003), e indicadores compostos (composite indicators) (Grupp & Schubert, 2010;Mahroum & Alsaleh, 2012Paas & Poltimäe, 2012) justifica-se pelo fato de que, tradicionalmente, os dados associados aos dois primeiros termos são utilizados como principais indicadores de inovação. Mais recentemente, entretanto, diversas iniciativas passaram a adotar o uso de indicadores compostos.…”

Section: Figura 3 -Representação De Ocorrência Das Palavras-chave Apóunclassified

Estado Da Arte Da Produção Científica Sobre Indicadores E Índices De Inovação

et al. 2015

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RESUMOA gestão da inovação mostra-se um desafio para as organizações na busca pela competitividade. Ao implementar um processo de gestão, tão importante quanto explicitar o modelo estratégico da inovação, é a capacidade de mensuração do que se deseja gerenciar. O uso de indicadores e índices de inovação permite, portanto, a verificação do desempenho de organizações ou regiões em separado ou em comparação com outras. A definição de indicadores de inovação não é, portanto, uma tarefa trivial, e diversas são ferramentas utilizadas, tais como estatísticas de patentes e P&D. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliométrica com o propósito mapear a produção científica relativa ao tema indicadores de inovação, identificando autores, obras e fontes de publicação mais relevantes. Para isso, foram analisados 107 trabalhos científicos que abordam o referido tema, escritos por 209 autores pertencentes a 115 instituições de 35 países diferentes. Os resultados mostram que a primeira publicação encontrada data do ano de 1973, mas o número de publicações mostra uma tendência de crescimento com o tempo e predominam as publicações em journals e a Europa é a região com maior número de autores, seguida da China, Brasil e Estados Unidos.

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Patent co-citation networks of Fortune 500 companies

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of essential patent portfolios via bibliometric mapping: an illustration of leading firms in the 4G era

Analysis of essential patent portfolios via bibliometric mapping: an illustration of leading firms in the 4G era

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Estado Da Arte Da Produção Científica Sobre Indicadores E Índices De Inovação

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