2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.09.017
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Patent foramen ovale: Unanswered questions

Abstract: The foramen ovale is a remnant of the fetal circulation that remains patent in 20-25% of the adult population. Although long overlooked as a potential pathway that could produce pathologic conditions, the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with a higher than expected frequency in a variety of clinical syndromes including cryptogenic stroke, migraines, sleep apnea, platypnea-orthodeoxia, deep sea diving associated decompression illness, and high altitude pulmonary edema. A unifying hyp… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…6 We report the successful insertion of a TEE probe in the channel for esophageal intubation of the LMA Gastro in 9 patients undergoing percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closures, a short procedure done with increasing relevance and frequency. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Written informed consent was obtained from patients.…”
Section: To the Editormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6 We report the successful insertion of a TEE probe in the channel for esophageal intubation of the LMA Gastro in 9 patients undergoing percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closures, a short procedure done with increasing relevance and frequency. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Written informed consent was obtained from patients.…”
Section: To the Editormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fusion, which begins with contact, is completed irreversibly, in the first two years of life. Foramen ovale remains patent in 25% of the population (1,2). The patent foramen ovale (PFO) was drawn and depicted by Leonardo Da Vinci in the form of a "channel" centuries after the physiological closure was defined by Galen.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, daily activities such as lifting, coughing, vomiting, and pushing which increase intrathoracic (ITP) and intraabdominal pressure may reverse the interatrial pressure gradient, creating a temporary right-to-left shunt. One of the most effective methods is an extended and forced Valsalva maneuver (VM) (1,2,5). The maneuver, originally described in 1704 by Mario Antonio Valsalva in detail in his work "De Aure Humana Tractatus" (Treatise on the Human Ear), is simply an effort of forced expiration against a closed airway.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In addition, inclusion of patients with TIA and other peripheral embolism was not reflective of the study population included in most observational studies. Lack of blinding may also have potentiated the use of off-label PFO occluding devices in patients included in the medical therapy arm (9,10). Although the RESPECT trial did not demonstrate superiority of closure using the Amplatzer device in an intention-to-treat analysis (7), the extended follow-up data (median 5.9 years) showed superiority of PFO closure with a 62% relative risk reduction in recurrent cryptogenic stroke; the benefit of closure was enhanced in those with a large shunt or atrial septal aneurysm.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%