Paternal factors in spontaneous first trimester miscarriage

Abstract

Objectives : To determine whether paternal factors i.e., age, tobacco use and genital tract infection increase the risk for spontaneous first trimester miscarriage. Methodology : This case control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Unit V / IV, Dow Medical College & Lyari General Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Duration of study was two and half years, from Nov, 2007 to Apr, 2010. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with age 20 – 35 years irrespective of parity. Exclusion criteria were known medical illness in either partner, induced abortion and recurrent miscarriages. Studied paternal factors were age, tobacco use and genital tract infection. Data was computed using SPSS version 16. Significance of paternal factors was determined by Logistic Regression Analysis. Results : Total cases studied were 200, while there were 400 controls. Mean maternal age was 27.6±4.9 years in cases and 26.5±4.5 years in controls. Mean paternal age was 35.5±6.2 years in cases and 32.3±5.4 years in controls. Paternal age was >35 years in 54.5% cases and 16.8% controls. Spearman Bivariate correlation revealed paternal age > 35 years (p=0.000) and genital tract infection (p=0.043) as significant factors. Only paternal age >35 years (p=0.000) remained significant in Final Model after entering into logistic regression. Conclusion: Paternal age beyond 35 years was found to be significantly related to first trimester spontaneous miscarriages.

Paternal age: Negative impact on sperm genome decays and IVF outcomes after 40 years

“…Some works suggested a negative correlation between paternal age and fertilization rate (Aboulghar et al, ; Katib, Al‐Hawsawi, Motair, & Bawa, ; Luna et al, ), embryo quality, implantation rate, and pregnancy rate (Belloc et al, ; Bellver, Garrido, Remohí, Pellicer, & Meseguer, ; Frattarelli et al, ; Katib et al, ; Klonoff‐Cohen & Natarajan, ; Luna et al, ; Robertshaw, Khoury, Abdallah, Warikoo, & Hofmann, ; Sharma et al, ). Conversely, others did not find any effect of paternal age on the rates of pregnancy, miscarriage, and live births (Alfaraj & Yunus, ; Alshahrani et al, ; Fernandez‐Gonzalez et al, ; Jaleel & Khan, ; Kong et al, ; Meijerink et al, ; Pérez‐Crespo, Moreira, et al, ; Pérez‐Crespo, Pintado, et al, ; Whitcomb et al, ) especially in first IVF/ICSI cycles (Meijerink et al, ). As many different factors, such as maternal age, ART procedure and semen quality, should be considered when assessing the effects of paternal age on IVF outcomes, these discrepancies could be partially explained by the different study protocols/populations.…”

Factors influencing first childbearing timing decisions among men: Path analysis

“…Advanced paternal age may also lead to subfertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes), birth defects, and nervous system cancers in adulthood ( 3 ). Possible mechanisms for these problems include single-gene mutations, autosomal dominant diseases, structural abnormalities in sperm chromosomes (e.g., reciprocal translocations) and multiple genetic/chromosomal defects ( 8 , 9 ). Male factors other than age, e.g.…”

“…Male factors other than age, e.g. occupation, environmental exposures to harmful substances, and smoking, have also been shown to affect sperm quality and cause early embryo loss ( 9 ).…”

Paternal Age and Offspring Congenital Heart Defects: A National Cohort Study

“…The age group of 25–29 years was treated as the reference group because it might be expected to be the optimal childbearing age period [ 30 , 31 ]. Since maternal age was non-linear associated with CHDs [ 32 ], it was included in the model both linear and quadratic terms in 1 year unit to secure a better fit of the model [ 33 ].…”