Paternal Mental Health: Why Is It Relevant?

Fisher, Sheehan D.

doi:10.1177/1559827616629895

Cited by 83 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…Maternal and paternal depression are often comorbid: fathers have a heightened risk of depression when the mother is depressed (Fisher, ; Paulson & Bazemore, ). Paternal involvement may moderate the effects of maternal depression on children's emotional problems; depending on the level of paternal depressive symptoms, and on their time spent with the child, fathers can either ameliorate or cause deterioration in the child's adverse outcomes (Mezulis, Hyde, & Clark, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and children's emotional problems at the age of 2 and 5 years: a longitudinal study

Pietikäinen

Kiviruusu

Kylliäinen

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms are related to children's emotional problems, but their combined effect remains unclear. Here, we constructed four parental longitudinal depressive symptom trajectory groups and studied their associations with children's emotional problems at the age of 2 and 5 years. Methods We did an assessment of maternal and paternal depressive symptoms (gestational week 32, as well as 3, 8 and 24 months postnatally) and children's emotional problems at ages two (N = 939) and five (N = 700) in the CHILD‐SLEEP cohort. Three separate maternal and paternal depressive symptom trajectories based on latent profile analysis were combined to form four parental depressive symptom trajectory groups. We compared groups with a general linear model, with children's emotional (total, internalizing and externalizing) – problem scores serving as the dependent variables. Results At both ages, combined parental depressive symptom trajectories were associated with children's emotional problems: effect sizes were medium for total and small for other domains. According to post hoc comparisons, children whose mothers or both parents had persistent depressive symptoms had significantly more total, externalizing and internalizing problems than did children who had neither parent nor only the father showing depressive symptoms. A higher (and persistent) level of maternal depressive symptoms was related to a higher level of these children's emotional problems, a pattern not evident with paternal depressive symptoms. In all analyses, the interaction effect was nonsignificant between parental trajectories and child gender. Conclusions Findings suggest that an absence of depressive symptoms in their fathers cannot compensate for the adverse effects of maternal depressive symptoms upon their children. Moreover, paternal depressive symptoms alone do not lead to increased risk for emotional problems in these 2‐ and 5‐year‐old children. In contrast, even subclinical levels of maternal depressive symptoms in late pregnancy are associated with increased risk for their children's experiencing internalizing and externalizing emotional problems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and children's emotional problems at the age of 2 and 5 years: a longitudinal study

Pietikäinen

Kiviruusu

Kylliäinen

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…neglecting the importance of the father's mental health. However, research has shown that paternal MD are also associated with MD in their children [67]. Moreover, research has found evidence that a good paternal mental health may buffer the influence of a mother's poorer mental health on a child's behavioural and emotional problems [68].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between parents’ mental disorders and socioeconomic status and offspring’s psychopathology: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Mental disorders (MD) are one of the main causes of the disease burden worldwide. Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and presence of MD in parents have been related with increased odds of MD in offspring. However, there is a lack of population-based research in this field. The aim of the present study was to examine together the relationship between the presence of MD in children, and the SES and presence of MD in their parents, in a whole of population data. A gender approach was undertaken aiming to discern how these variables influence children's mental health when related with the father and the mother. Using administrative individual data from the National Health System, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The entire children population aged 6 to 15 resident in Catalonia in 2017 was examined. A logistic regression model was performed. Low SES was associated with increased odds of children's MD. Offspring of a parent with MD were at more risk of presenting MD than offspring of parents without these problems. Although these associations were consistent for both boys and girls when looking at the father's or mother's SES and MDs, the mother's SES and MDs showed a higher association with the offspring's MDs than the father's. Lowest associations, found for boys when looking at the father's SES and MDs, were: OR of 1.21, 95%CI 1.16 to 1.27 for lowest SES, and OR of 1.66, 95%CI 1.61 to 1.70 for parental MDs. Children's familiar environment, which includes SES and mental health of parents, plays an important role in their mental health. Socially constructed gender roles interfere with SES and parent's MD. These findings support the relevance of examining MD and its risk factors within a gender approach.

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“…Las investigaciones sugieren que la depresión en un miembro de la pareja se correlaciona considerablemente con la depresión en el otro. 6,7,3,8 Un estudio demostró que entre el 24 y el 50 por ciento de los hombres con PPD paterna también tenía pareja con PPD.9 Esto indica que hay una alta probabilidad de que los bebés se puedan encontrar en situaciones familiares en donde varios de los cuidadores están deprimidos, lo que puede derivar en alteraciones más graves en el desarrollo del bebé. …”

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Paternal Postpartum Depression

Biebel

Alikhan

2018

JPFMH

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Aunque históricamente la depresión posparto (PPD, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha asociado en mayor medida con las madres, en los últimos tiempos se han generado una mayor conciencia sobre la experiencia de los padres y estrategias para abordar la depresión posparto en los hombres. Para los padres dispuestos a buscar ayuda, la falta de reconocimiento de la PPD paterna da lugar a apoyos y tratamientos limitados. Dadas las posibles consecuencias de la PPD paterna, es fundamental que los padres que acaban de tener hijos y los proveedores de salud reconozcan la prevalencia de la PPD paterna, los síntomas y las dificultades que implica este problema para los hombres. Prevalencia de la depresión posparto paternaTanto para los hombres como para las mujeres, la PPD se define como una depresión moderada a grave que se diagnostica en el período posparto, que es poco después o hasta un año después del parto.1 Los estudios sugieren que entre el 4 y el 25 por ciento de los padres sufre PPD paterna, 2,3 índices que no difieren de los de las madres. 4 Lo más probable es que los padres experimenten una primera aparición de la PPD paterna en los primeros 3 a 6 meses del período posparto. 5Gran parte de lo que se sabe acerca de la PPD paterna proviene de los estudios de las madres y la PPD. Las investigaciones sugieren que la depresión en un miembro de la pareja se correlaciona considerablemente con la depresión en el otro. 6,7,3,8 Un estudio demostró que entre el 24 y el 50 por ciento de los hombres con PPD paterna también tenía pareja con PPD.9 Esto indica que hay una alta probabilidad de que los bebés se puedan encontrar en situaciones familiares en donde varios de los cuidadores están deprimidos, lo que puede derivar en alteraciones más graves en el desarrollo del bebé. 10La PPD materna es el principal factor de riesgo para predecir la PPD paterna.11,12 Aunque la relación entre la PPD materna y paterna aún se está investigando, los estudios indican que las parejas masculinas de mujeres deprimidas generalmente se sienten menos apoyados y experimentan más miedo, confusión, frustración, enojo e incertidumbre. 13Convertirse en padre está asociado con falta de sueño, demandas nuevas y crecientes, y responsabilidades nuevas que pueden provocar estrés, miedo y ansiedad, lo cual puede producir depresión 14,15. Los hombres con antecedentes de depresión, así como aquellos que son padres jóvenes tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar PPD paterna. Es probable que los hombres no mencionen sus síntomas de depresión debido al estigma asociado con esta y las preocupaciones por no adaptarse a los conceptos culturales de masculinidad. 7 Síntomas de la depresión posparto paternaLa depresión posparto incluye episodios depresivos que duran más de dos semanas durante el período posparto. Los síntomas asociados con la PPD paterna y materna incluyen:• Pérdida de interés en las actividades.

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Paternal Mental Health: Why Is It Relevant?

Cited by 83 publications

References 145 publications

Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and children's emotional problems at the age of 2 and 5 years: a longitudinal study

Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and children's emotional problems at the age of 2 and 5 years: a longitudinal study

Relationship between parents’ mental disorders and socioeconomic status and offspring’s psychopathology: A cross-sectional study

Paternal Postpartum Depression

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