Paternal or maternal history of cardiovascular disease and the risk of cardiovascular disease in offspring. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Weijmans, Maaike; Graaf, Yolanda van der; Reitsma, Johannes B.; Visseren, Frank L.J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.017

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In our study, both hazard ratios for the effect of maternal and paternal age of onset of CVD were statistically significant. A meta-analysis of 26 cohort and cross-sectional studies concluded that the conferred risk of CVD in offspring was not substantially different between positive paternal and maternal histories of CVD [48]. Since a positive family history confers increased risk of CVD, presence of parental history and ages at onset are useful for determination of risk, but the utility of making a distinction between whether the mother or father was affected is not currently clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Age of Onset of Cardiovascular Disease as a Predictor for Offspring Age of Onset of Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveThe risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher for individuals with a first-degree relative who developed premature CVD (with a threshold at age 55 years for a male or 65 years for a female). However, little is known about the effect that each unit increase or decrease of maternal or paternal age of onset of CVD has on offspring age of onset of CVD. We hypothesized that there is an association between maternal and paternal age of onset of CVD and offspring age of onset of CVD.MethodsWe used the Framingham Heart Study database and performed conditional imputation for CVD-censored parental age (i.e. parents that didn’t experience onset of CVD) and Cox proportional regression analysis, with offspring’s age of onset of CVD as the dependent variable and parental age of onset of CVD as the primary predictor. Modifiable risk factors in offspring, such as cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure (SBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, were controlled for. Separate analyses were performed for the association between maternal age of onset of CVD and offspring age of onset of CVD and the association between paternal age of onset of CVD and offspring age of onset of CVD.ResultsParental age of onset of CVD was predictive of offspring age of onset of CVD for maternal age of onset of CVD (P < .0001; N = 1401) and for paternal age of onset of CVD (P = 0.0134; N = 1221). A negative estimate of the coefficient of interest signifies that late onset of cardiovascular events in parents is protective of onset of CVD in offspring. Cigarette smoking and HDL level were important associated confounders.ConclusionsOffspring age of onset of cardiovascular disease is significantly associated with both maternal and paternal age of onset CVD. The incorporation of the parameters, maternal or paternal age of onset of CVD, into risk estimate calculators may improve accuracy of identification of high-risk patients in clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Age of Onset of Cardiovascular Disease as a Predictor for Offspring Age of Onset of Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2016

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“…Family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as genetic predisposition to CHD directly assessed by genotyping and expressed as genetic risk score (GRS) for CHD are strong predictors of CHD risk. Among others, Barrett‐Connor and Khaw already showed that family history predicts cardiovascular risk independently of established metabolic risk factors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Mediators of the Effects of Family History and Genetic Risk Score on Coronary Heart Disease—Findings From the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

Fritz

Shiffman

Melander

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundFamily history of coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as genetic predisposition to CHD assessed by a genetic risk score (GRS) are predictors of CHD risk. It is, however, uncertain to what extent these risk predictors are mediated by major metabolic pathways.Methods and ResultsTotal effects of self‐reported family history and a 50‐variant GRS (GRS50), as well as effects mediated by apolipoprotein B and A‐I (apoB, apoA‐I), blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus, on incidence of CHD were estimated in 23 595 participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (a prospective, population‐based study). During a median follow‐up of 14.4 years, 2213 participants experienced a first CHD event. Family history of CHD and GRS50 (highest versus other quintiles) were associated with incident CHD, with hazard ratios of 1.52 (95% CI: 1.39–1.65) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.39–1.68), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, and smoking status. Small proportions of the family history effect were mediated by metabolic risk factors: 8.3% (95% CI: 5.8–11.7%) by the apoB pathway, 1.7% (95% CI: 0.2–3.4%) by apoA‐I, 8.5% (95% CI: 5.9–12.0%) by blood pressure, and 1.5% (95% CI: −0.8% to 3.8%) by diabetes mellitus. Similarly, small proportions of GRS50 were mediated: 8.1% (95% CI: 5.5–11.8%) by apoB, 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5–3.0%) by apoA‐I, 4.2% (95% CI: 1.3–7.5%) by blood pressure, and −0.9% (95% CI: −3.7% to 1.6%) by diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsA fraction of the CHD risk associated with family history or with GRS50 is mediated through elevated blood lipids and hypertension, but not through diabetes mellitus. However, a major part (≥80%) of the genetic effect operates independently of established metabolic risk factor pathways.

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“…Although the highest cardiovascular risk was associated with a maternal history at age <50 years and a paternal history at age <55 years, no substantial differences were seen between maternal and paternal positive CVD history [16]. In a Dutch cohort study, a particularly high incidence of CVD was revealed in people with parental onset of MI before age 70, with maternal history of MI before age 60 being the strongest predictor of CVD incidence [17].The offspring age of onset of CVD is signi cantly associated with both maternal and paternal age of CVD onset [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Younger age of patients with myocardial infarction is associated with a higher number of relatives with a history of premature atherosclerosis.

Ambroziak¹,

Niewczas-Wieprzowska²,

Maicka³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. Premature coronary artery disease is one of the most pressing global issues in modern cardiology. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of family history of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients aged <50 years with myocardial infarction (MI) compared to that in patients aged ≥50 years with MI and to that in young people without MI (no-MI<50). Methods. The studied group (MI<50) consisted of 240 patients aged 26-49 years with MI. The control groups consisted of 240 patients (MI≥50) with MI aged 50-92 years and 240 healthy people aged 30-49 years without a history of MI (no-MI<50). Results. There were statistically significant differences between the MI<50 and MI≥50 and no-MI<50 groups regarding the family history of premature MI/ischaemic stroke and the percentage of patients with ≥2 relatives affected (10.8%, 2.9%, and 3.7%, respectively; p<0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference in the patient age at the first MI occurrence among patients without a family history of premature CVD, those with 1 affected relative, and those with ≥2 affected first-degree relatives (56.6, 48.6 and 41.8 years, respectively) as well as those with affected first- and second-degree relatives (56.5, 50.7 and 47.0 years, respectively). Conclusions. A younger age of patients with myocardial infarction is associated with a higher number of relatives with a history of premature MI/ischaemic stroke. Thus, the family history of premature atherosclerosis involving not only first- but also second-degree relatives seems to be a valuable factor in CVD risk evaluation in young people.

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Paternal or maternal history of cardiovascular disease and the risk of cardiovascular disease in offspring. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 41 publications

References 40 publications

Parental Age of Onset of Cardiovascular Disease as a Predictor for Offspring Age of Onset of Cardiovascular Disease

Parental Age of Onset of Cardiovascular Disease as a Predictor for Offspring Age of Onset of Cardiovascular Disease

Metabolic Mediators of the Effects of Family History and Genetic Risk Score on Coronary Heart Disease—Findings From the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study

Younger age of patients with myocardial infarction is associated with a higher number of relatives with a history of premature atherosclerosis.

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