Paternal Stimulation and Early Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Jeong, Joshua; McCoy, Dana Charles; Yousafzai, Aisha K.; Salhi, Carmel; Fink, Günther

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1357

Cited by 150 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These components were as follows: availability of (homemade or purchased) toys, dolls, and books (verified by field enumerator); interactive activities with the mother such as reading together, telling stories, singing together, naming objects, and playing (parent report); and child supervision (number of days per week that the child was left alone or under the supervision of another child, parent report; Kariger et al, ). Responses to these items were scored using the method adapted from (Jeong, McCoy, Yousafzai, Salhi, & Fink, ); a composite score incorporating these three categories was calculated. Scores were normally distributed (median 4, range −2 to 11) and treated as a continuous variable in models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality over time is associated with better development in rural Nepali children

Miller

Neupane

Joshi

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Developmental delays affect between 150 and 200 million children <5 years of age worldwide. Outside of diet supplement studies, relatively little is known about the relationships between diet quality and developmental status in resource‐poor settings. We examined associations between different aspects of dietary quality (dietary diversity score [DDS] and animal‐source food [ASF] consumption) and child development (assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire‐3 [ASQ‐3]) among children whose families were enrolled in a community development intervention trial (implemented by Heifer Nepal) in western Nepal. Two sets of analyses were performed: (a) cross‐sectional Sample (N = 629) seen at the endline survey and (b) longitudinal sample (N = 269) with complete dietary records (six surveys over 48 months). In both samples, child development was significantly related to household wealth, maternal education, and especially home environmental quality. In the cross‐sectional sample, greater consumption of eggs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.80, p = .04) or dairy products (aOR 0.95, p = .05) over the previous 7 days significantly reduced odds of low total ASQ score, by logistic regression analysis. In the longitudinal sample, only egg consumption and cumulative DDS and ASF scores were associated with significantly reduced odds of low total ASQ score (aORs 0.59–0.89). In adjusted linear regression analysis, both cumulative DDS (β [CI]: 1.92 [0.4, 3.5]) and ASF scores (2.46 [0.3, 4.7]) were significantly associated with greater continuous total child development. Programmes targeting child development must address home environmental quality as well as long‐term diet quality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality over time is associated with better development in rural Nepali children

Miller

Neupane

Joshi

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…For example, application and call logs have also been used to determine communication (44). In case of mother-child interaction, we suggest using additional observation tools such as HOME (27,45,46) and OMCI (47)(48)(49) which have been used in multi-cultural settings to assess mother and child's social environment, interactions and support. Finally, additional methods of passive data collection, such as Bluetooth beacons attached to child's clothing can help determine the time mother and child spend together (19,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What does social support sound like? Challenges and opportunities for using passive episodic audio collection to assess the social environment

Poudyal¹,

Heerden

Hagaman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The social environment, including social support, social burden, and quality of interactions, influences a range of health outcomes, including mental health. Passive audio data collection on mobile phones (e.g., episodic recording of the auditory environment without requiring any active input from the phone user) enables new opportunities to understand the social environment. We evaluated the use of passive audio collection on mobile phones as a window onto the relationship between the social environment within a study of mental health among adolescent mothers in Nepal.Methods: We enrolled 23 adolescent mothers who first participated in qualitative interviews to describe their social support and identify sounds potentially associated with that support. Then episodic recordings were collected for two weeks from the same women using an app to capture 30 seconds of audio every 15 minutes from 4am to 9pm. Audio data were processed and classified using a pretrained model. Each classification category was accompanied by a predicted accuracy score. Manual validation of the machine-predicted speech and non-speech categories (10%) was done for accuracy.Results: In qualitative interviews, mothers described a range of positive and negative social interactions and the sounds that accompanied these. Potential positive sounds included adult speech and laughter, baby babbling and laughter, and sounds from baby toys. Sounds characterizing negative stimuli included yelling, crying, screaming by adults and crying by babies. Sounds associated with social isolation included silence and TV or radio noises. Speech comprised of 43% of all passively recorded audio clips (n=7725). Manual validation showed a 23% false positive rate and 62% false-negative rate for speech, demonstrating potential underestimation of speech exposure. Other common sounds included music and vehicular noises.Conclusions: Passively capturing audio has the potential to improve understanding of the social environment. However, the limited accuracy of the pre-trained model used in this study did not adequately distinguish between positive and negative social interactions. To improve the contribution of passive audio collection to understanding the social environment, future work should improve the accuracy of audio categorization, code for constellations of sounds, and combine audio with other smartphone data collection such as location and activity.

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“…With evidence pointing solidly to the benefits of paternal involvement for early child development in high-income countries, in this issue of Pediatrics, Jeong et al set out to describe the prevalence of paternal stimulation in 38 low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) among children <5 years old and showed that it relates positively to the Early Childhood Development Index, which measures early child development in literacy/numeracy, physical, social-emotional, and learning contexts. 2 The effect sizes of high paternal stimulation were similar in magnitude to those of mother completing primary school and an increase in wealth that delivers the family out of the poorest quintile. Furthermore, the associations between paternal stimulation and Early Childhood Development Index were more pronounced for children receiving less stimulation from others (mother or education professionals).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In fact, it appears that a significant portion of the variation in father engagement at the country level can be explained by poverty indices. For example, the correlation between the percentage of unengaged fathers (taken from Appendix C) 2 Opinions expressed in these commentaries are those of the author and not necessarily those of the American Academy of Pediatrics or its Committees.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and Money: Extending Fathers’ Role in Economically Challenging Contexts

Garfield

Mesman

2016

Pediatrics

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Paternal Stimulation and Early Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Cited by 150 publications

References 45 publications

Diet quality over time is associated with better development in rural Nepali children

Diet quality over time is associated with better development in rural Nepali children

What does social support sound like? Challenges and opportunities for using passive episodic audio collection to assess the social environment

Time and Money: Extending Fathers’ Role in Economically Challenging Contexts

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