Path-coefficient analysis of anatomical characters affecting peg strength in groundnut

Tiwari, S. P.; Murthy, T. G. K.; Johnson, George K.; Varmoda, D. L.

doi:10.1007/bf00039863

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In Arachis materials, peg strength was strongly correlated with peg diameter, bundle cap area, and proximal bundle cap number. The finding that bundle cap area and bundle cap number were correlated with peg strength agreed with previous reports (Thomas et al, 1983;Tiwari et al, 1988). However, Tiwari et al (1988) also found that peg strength was not correlated with peg diameter, but peg area-a direction function of peg diameter-was the anatomical characteristic with the greatest correlation to peg strength found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The finding that bundle cap area and bundle cap number were correlated with peg strength agreed with previous reports (Thomas et al, 1983;Tiwari et al, 1988). However, Tiwari et al (1988) also found that peg strength was not correlated with peg diameter, but peg area-a direction function of peg diameter-was the anatomical characteristic with the greatest correlation to peg strength found in this study. This difference might be due to the inclusion of wild, Arachis species, which had peg areas about half that of the cultivated breeding lines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Additionally, most pegs have epidermal hairs (Thomas et al, 1983). However, pegs of different genotypes have been found to vary in size and shape of their fiber bundle caps, degree of lignification in fiber bundle caps, number of cambial and parenchymatous cells between vascular bundles, number of xylem vessels per vascular bundle, and size of tannin cells (Thomas et al, 1983;Tiwari et al, 1988). Cultivated peanut genotypes with strong pegs have bigger, crescent-shaped fiber bundle caps, fewer rows of interfascicular cambium and parenchyma cells between vascular bundles, and more xylem vessels per vascular bundle as compared to genotypes with weak pegs (Thomas et al, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cultivated peanut genotypes with strong pegs have bigger, crescent-shaped fiber bundle caps, fewer rows of interfascicular cambium and parenchyma cells between vascular bundles, and more xylem vessels per vascular bundle as compared to genotypes with weak pegs (Thomas et al, 1983). Peg diameter and number of vascular bundles per peg are not related to peg strength (Thomas et al, 1983;Tiwari et al, 1988).…”

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Anatomical characteristics correlated to peg strength in Arachis

Levinson¹,

Chu²,

Levinson³

et al. 2021

Peanut Science

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Wild, diploid Arachis species are a great source of biotic and abiotic stress resistances and tolerances for peanut breeding programs; however, these species also have undesirable characteristics such as small seed size, low yield, and weak peg strength. Peg strength has been shown to have a positive, linear relationship with yield in cultivated peanut. Therefore, the weak peg strength of wild Arachis species could be detrimental to yield and needs to be selected against when introgressing useful alleles from wild species into elite germplasm. To enable breeders to effectively utilize these wild species, we sought to characterize peg strength and anatomical characteristics correlated with peg strength in seven diploid Arachis species, as well as four allotetraploids, six (cultivated peanut lines x allotetraploid) F1 hybrids, and two cultivated peanut breeding lines. For each genotype, five mature pegs were tested for peg strength and cross-sections for three of the five pegs were subsequently taken and analyzed for peg anatomical characteristics including total peg cross-section area, mean bundle cap area, total bundle cap area, bundle cap as a percentage of peg area, bundle cap number, mean distance between bundle caps, total distance between bundle caps, and tannin cell count. Genotype was a significant indicator for peg strength and all the anatomical characterization parameters (P < 0.05). Peg strength was positively and highly correlated with peg area, mean bundle cap area, total bundle cap area, and bundle cap number. Peg strength comparable to that of peanut breeding lines was recovered in the F1 hybrids. Because weak peg strength in the wild species appears to be recessive, strong pegs can likely be easily selected during the process of introgression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical characteristics correlated to peg strength in Arachis

Levinson¹,

Chu²,

Levinson³

et al. 2021

Peanut Science

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“…Previous studies of factors influencing peg strength have included evaluations of cultivar differences (Bauman and Norden, 1971;Troeger et al, 1976;Thomas et al, 1983;Johnson George et al, 1988a, 1988b and the anatomical basis for such differences (Thomas et al, 1983;Tiwari et al, 1988). Ito et al (1970), Steele et al (1972), andTroeger et al (1976) also studied the effect of pod age on peg strength.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Fungicide Treatments, Pod Maturity, and Pod Health on Peanut Peg Strength

Chapin¹,

Thomas²

2005

Peanut Science

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There are anecdotal claims that some fungicides cause physiological peg strength enhancement beyond mere suppression of the diseases, which can reduce peanut peg strength. We tested eleven fungicide treatment programs for effects on the peg strength of harvestable pods (NC-V11 cultivar). Peg strength comparisons also were made for pods of different maturity categories based on mesocarp color. Fungicide programs were highly effective in protecting yield (1,690-2,220 kg/ha increase over the nontreated check) and preventing pod loss from late leaf spot and southern stem rot, however none of the fungicide treatments had any measurable effect on the peg strength of healthy (disease asymptomatic) pods. A tebuconazole program failed to prevent defoliation from late leaf spot.Pods symptomatic for southern stem rot had peg strengths only about 45% that of healthy pods. In contrast, pods symptomatic for tomato spotted wilt had significantly stronger pegs than those of healthy pods. Fully mature (black mesocarp) pods had peg strengths (6.70 6 0.10 newtons) as great or greater than that of less mature brown (6.29 6 0.12), orange (6.17 6 0.14), or yellow (5.54 6 0.35) mesocarp pod categories. Over-mature pods (characterized by a coal black mesocarp, tan-brown seed coat, and a slight anthocyanin pigmentation on the pod exterior) had a mean peg strength (2.22 6 0.08 newtons) only about 32% that of fully mature pods. Pegs of over-mature and diseased pods generally broke proximal to the point of pod attachment, while pegs of healthy pods broke at the point of pod attachment and had pod exocarp remnants attached to the pegs.The data indicate that growers should make fungicide treatment decisions based on disease prevention efficacy rather than on the assumption of any additional physiological peg strengthening benefits. In the absence of disease, we found no decline in peg strength associated with advancing pod maturity until pods could be visually identified as over-mature. These results may prove useful in refinement of harvest timing guidelines based on the distribution of pod maturity as defined by mesocarp color categories. The results could also be useful in helping growers interpret the cause of pod loss.

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Correlation and path-coefficient analyses of ripening attributes and storage disorders in ‘Ambrosia’ and ‘Empire’ apples

Ehsani-Moghaddam

DeEll

2009

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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Path-coefficient analysis of anatomical characters affecting peg strength in groundnut

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Anatomical characteristics correlated to peg strength in Arachis

Anatomical characteristics correlated to peg strength in Arachis

Effect of Fungicide Treatments, Pod Maturity, and Pod Health on Peanut Peg Strength

Correlation and path-coefficient analyses of ripening attributes and storage disorders in ‘Ambrosia’ and ‘Empire’ apples

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