Path diversity for earth‐space communication links

Hodge, D. B.

doi:10.1029/rs013i003p00481

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It remains a challenge to precisely find a dominating weather direction for the purpose of improved rain correlation modeling. Early work utilizing radar data indicates little dependency on site alignment [ Goldhirsh , ] or some with orientation of elongated rain cells [ Hodge , ]. A more recent study by Luini et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured and modeled spatial rain rate correlation to improve the prediction method for satellite site diversity

et al. 2014

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Rainfall rate varies both temporarily and spatially. Radio systems, where rain attenuation causes outages, may take advantage of this effect to increase the radio link or satellite link availability using diversity techniques. In the Oslo region with Norwegian Meteorological Institute located at Blindern, there are 24 tipping bucket rain gauges within 50 km radius of the institute where each station has 5 years or more of simultaneous data periods with the station at the institute. The simultaneous data have been used to calculate spatial rain rate correlation and derive a prediction method based on separation distance and orientation with respect to dominating weather direction. Part of joint rain rate distribution was fitted to lognormal to find the measured correlation coefficients. In addition, an analysis of independent radiosonde data suggests that prevailing wind at 700 hPa or 850 hPa altitude (approximately 3000 m or 1500 m above sea level), conditioned thunderstorm index in the range of 15 to 20, may be used to identify the actual rainfall movement or dominant weather direction. Compared with current recommended method by the Radiocommunication Sector of International Telecommunication Union, the new method gives an improved site diversity prediction judged by site selection of minimum 20 GHz attenuation data measured in 2012 from Earth stations located at Nittedal and Kjeller separated by 23 km.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured and modeled spatial rain rate correlation to improve the prediction method for satellite site diversity

et al. 2014

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“…Otherwise, as is the case for long baseline separations [8], one uses an average over the M sites as if it were a single site A S [9]; that is…”

Section: Diversity Gain Concepts and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-scale diversity in a dynamic rain fade environment

Enjamio

Ndzi

Pérez-Fontán

2005

Int. J. Satell. Commun. Network.

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SUMMARYThis article is concerned with using time-varying uniformly spaced rainfall data to investigate the concept and values of instantaneous diversity gain. This has been obtained on a minute-by-minute basis in order to illustrate the behaviour of a VSAT communication system which switches to the most reliable link every minute. The simulations have been carried out using a whole year of rain data obtained from the recordings of a dense rain gauge network located in Barcelona.After illustrating the concept of instantaneous diversity gain, this paper shows the results obtained for various site separations and 20 GHz: These results have been plotted together with the values given by some long-term-based models. The comparison shows that such models are not appropriate for dynamic site diversity. This was found to increase the reliability of a VSAT system, especially under severe rain conditions in which the rainfall rates are spatially arranged in rain cells and the attenuation experienced by the two sites is strongly decorrelated. The correlation coefficient between the attenuation series calculated for several separation distances has also been obtained to illustrate this concept. Finally, the paper gives the attenuation distributions calculated for a VSAT system with and without site diversity and for several site separations.

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“… Hodge [1978] defined a useful parameter for quantifying system performance relative to long‐term probabilities, the absolute diversity gain G ( P ) = A 0 ( P ) − A N ( P ), where A 0 ( P ) is the attenuation (in dB) exceeded on the single radio link at a given probability level P and A N ( P ) is the attenuation exceeded in the N sites diversity configuration (i.e., it is the minimum attenuation experienced by any link in the cluster) at the same probability level. For the definition of these two quantities, it is always true that A 0 ( P ) ≥ A N ( P ).…”

Section: Statistics Of Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the definition of these two quantities, it is always true that A 0 ( P ) ≥ A N ( P ). To compare the performance of two different configurations (say, configurations A and B), we define here the relative diversity gain g ( P ) as The two configurations can differ for the number of Earth stations and/or their disposition on the ground; note that this definition of relative diversity gain is different from that given by Hodge [1978].…”

Section: Statistics Of Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of small‐scale multiple‐site diversity systems investigated through radar simulations

Capsoni

D’Amico

2007

Radio Science

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[1] The number of satellite telecommunication systems that make use of frequencies higher than 10 GHz is constantly growing; at frequencies above 10 GHz, attenuation due to rain can be a limiting factor for system availability; the dual-site diversity technique has proved to be quite useful in counteracting rain attenuation. This technique can be extended by adopting a multiple-site configuration. In this paper the performance of small-scale multiple-site diversity systems is investigated through simulations, carried out by exploiting a large database of radar maps of precipitation. Results have shown significant improvements in terms of diversity advantage and site separation reduction with respect to the dual-site configuration. Moreover, if the stations carry data traffic and they are not working at their full capacity, it is possible to recover a significant amount of the traffic that otherwise would be lost.Citation: Capsoni, C., and M. D'Amico (2007), Performance of small-scale multiple-site diversity systems investigated through radar simulations, Radio Sci., 42, RS1001,

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Path diversity for earth‐space communication links

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Measured and modeled spatial rain rate correlation to improve the prediction method for satellite site diversity

Measured and modeled spatial rain rate correlation to improve the prediction method for satellite site diversity

Short-scale diversity in a dynamic rain fade environment

Performance of small‐scale multiple‐site diversity systems investigated through radar simulations

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