Path-integrated measurements of carbon dioxide in the urban canopy layer

Characteristics of ground level CO2 concentrations over contrasting land uses in a tropical urban environment

“…Idso et al (2002) also reported a marginal difference in CO 2 concentrations between the urban and sub urban sites during the morning time and high difference during the night time. In addition, several other studies reported the presence of higher CO 2 concentrations at urban sites than at the background or rural sites (George et al, 2007;Idso et al, 2001;Gratani and Varone, 2005;Henninger and Kuttler, 2010;Rice and Bostrom, 2011;García et al, 2012;Chaudhari et al, 2007;Büns and Kuttler, 2012;Briber et al, 2013). Table 2 shows the intensity of CO 2 domes in various cities across the world.…”

“…In the developed countries, the dynamics of ambient CO 2 concentrations in urban domains were well documented (Idso et al, 2002;Day et al, 2002;Nasrallah et al, 2003;Gratani and Varone, 2005;Vogt et al, 2006;Briber et al, 2013). It was reported that the CO 2 concentrations in Phoenix, Valladolid, Oregon, Boston, Essen, Rome and Copenhagen cities were higher at the urban centres than at the semi urban and background areas (Idso et al, 2001;Day et al, 2002;Soegaard and Møller-jensen, 2003;Gratani and Varone, 2005;George et al, 2007;Henninger and Kuttler, 2010;Rice and Bostrom, 2011;Büns and Kuttler, 2012;García et al, 2012;Briber et al, 2013). In addition, recent studies revealed that the enhancements of CO 2 concentrations in urban areas (urban CO 2 domes) favour the formation of urban heat islands (UHI) and deteriorate the local air quality by increasing the concentrations of secondary air pollutants and thus affect the public health (Jacobson, 2008(Jacobson, , 2010.…”

Performance based durability design, carbonation part 1 – Benchmarking of European present design rules

“…(right) CO 2 concentration in the chosen rural and urban area is also around 400 ppm (0.04 vol.%). The CO 2 concentration is subject to seasonal fluctuations and depends, for example, on wind speed, volume of traffic, atmospheric stability and CO 2 emission of local industry .…”

Performance‐based durability design, carbonation, part 3: PSF approach and a proposal for the revision of deemed‐to‐satisfy rules

“…to 0.0465 vol.% over the next 50 years. The CO 2 concentration in suburban and urban area scatters around 400 ppm (0.04 vol.%) and is subjected to seasonal fluctuations and depends, for example, on wind speed, volume of traffic, atmospheric stability and the CO 2 emissions of local industry [24]. Inside buildings (XC1), the CO 2 concentration is usually similar to the outdoor values (XC3, XC4).…”