Path-Loss Models for Urban Microcells at 5.3 GHz

Zhao, Xiongwen; Rautiainen, T.; Kalliola, K.; Vainikainen, P.

doi:10.1109/lawp.2006.873950

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This attenuation is added to the signal attenuation determined by the shadowing propagation model in NS2. We found that the signal attenuation values obtained were comparable to values reported from field experiments at 5.3GHz [38]. The simulation parameters are summarized in Table II. We ran experiments in networks with different node densities: the 350 nodes scenario represents relatively dense networks, 250 nodes scenario for medium density networks and 150 nodes for sparse networks.…”

Section: Simulation Results In Scenario With Obstacles 1) Simulatisupporting

confidence: 79%

VANET Routing on City Roads Using Real-Time Vehicular Traffic Information

Nzouonta

Rajgure

Wang

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

430

216

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Abstract-This article presents a class of routing protocols called RBVT, Road-Based using Vehicular Traffic information routing, which outperforms existing routing protocols in citybased vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). RBVT protocols leverage real-time vehicular traffic information to create roadbased paths consisting of successions of road intersections that have, with high probability, network connectivity among them. Geographical forwarding is used to transfer packets between intersections on the path, reducing the path's sensitivity to individual node movements. For dense networks with high contention, we optimize the forwarding using a distributed receiver-based election of next hops, based on a multi-criteria prioritization function taking into account non-uniform radio propagation. We designed and implemented a reactive protocol, RBVT-R, and a proactive protocol, RBVT-P, and compared them against protocols representative of MANETs (AODV, OLSR, GPSR) and a protocol representative of VANETs (GSR). Simulation results in urban settings show that RBVT-R performs best in terms of average delivery rate, with up to 40% increase compared to some existing protocols. In terms of average delay, RBVT-P performs best, with as much as 85% decrease compared to the other protocols.

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Section: Simulation Results In Scenario With Obstacles 1) Simulatisupporting

confidence: 79%

VANET Routing on City Roads Using Real-Time Vehicular Traffic Information

Nzouonta

Rajgure

Wang

et al. 2009

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

430

216

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show abstract

“…10 compares the proposed model with two-ray model and the numerically derived fit from [31], when again the proposed model presents a reasonable compromise. The tworay ground propagation model's behavior is characteristic of the oscillations before the breakpoint [21] (before which there is constructive and destructive interference between the two rays and after which the signal power falls off as r -4 ).…”

Section: B Los Modelingmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In [31] an empirical model based on measured LOS data for Helsinki streets was given as: Fig. 10 compares the proposed model with two-ray model and the numerically derived fit from [31], when again the proposed model presents a reasonable compromise.…”

Section: B Los Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Propagation Modeling in Urban Environments for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Tabatabaei¹,

Fleury²,

Qadri³

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

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Abstract-Developing applications, especially real-time ones, for wireless vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) requires a reasonable assurance of the likely performance of the network, at the least in terms of packet loss ratios and end-to-end delay. Because wireless propagation strongly influences performance, especially in an urban environment, this paper improves on simpler propagation models for simulations by augmenting ray-tracing derived models of propagation. In the non-line-of-sight component: the propagation distance is more closely calculated according to the reflection distance; the effect of roadside obstacles is included; and for modeling of fast fading a phase factor is introduced, all without necessarily overly increasing computational load. In the line-of-sight component, as well as roadside obstacle modeling: single and double reflections from roadside buildings are added to the standard two-ray ground-propagation model; the distribution of vehicles within a street segment is used to model the ground reflection ray more closely; and the reflection coefficient is also adjusted accordingly to account for reflections from vehicles. The results have been compared with widely-used measurement studies of city streets in the literature, which have confirmed the overall advantage of the improvements, especially in the case of the non-line-of-sight component. A simulation case study shows that in general optimistic performance predictions of packet loss occur with the two-ray ground propagation model when indiscriminately applied.The paper, therefore, represents a way forward for VANET wireless channel modeling in simulations.

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“…The received results are spread out in the wide range of path losses values and seem as the certain "swarm" when the sufficient number of experimental measurements are carried out in the microcells [12][13][14][15]. Such "swarm" is also observed at short distances between BS and UE (less than 200 m) when the frequency is high enough (> 20 GHz) [16][17][18].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%